{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T19:13:36Z","timestamp":1784142816277,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["RGP2\/95\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/95\/44"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["PNURSP2023R330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R330"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["RSP2023R459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R459"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP2\/95\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/95\/44"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2023R330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP2023R459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Research Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP2\/95\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/95\/44"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Research Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2023R330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Research Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP2023R459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RGP2\/95\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/95\/44"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["PNURSP2023R330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R330"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP2023R459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R459"]}]},{"name":"SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair","award":["RGP2\/95\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/95\/44"]}]},{"name":"SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair","award":["PNURSP2023R330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R330"]}]},{"name":"SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair","award":["RSP2023R459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R459"]}]},{"name":"Future University in Egypt (FUE)","award":["RGP2\/95\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/95\/44"]}]},{"name":"Future University in Egypt (FUE)","award":["PNURSP2023R330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R330"]}]},{"name":"Future University in Egypt (FUE)","award":["RSP2023R459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R459"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cloud computing (CC) is an internet-enabled environment that provides computing services such as networking, databases, and servers to clients and organizations in a cost-effective manner. Despite the benefits rendered by CC, its security remains a prominent concern to overcome. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is generally used to detect both normal and anomalous behavior in networks. The design of IDS using a machine learning (ML) technique comprises a series of methods that can learn patterns from data and forecast the outcomes consequently. In this background, the current study designs a novel multi-objective seagull optimization algorithm with a deep learning-enabled vulnerability detection (MOSOA-DLVD) technique to secure the cloud platform. The MOSOA-DLVD technique uses the feature selection (FS) method and hyperparameter tuning strategy to identify the presence of vulnerabilities or attacks in the cloud infrastructure. Primarily, the FS method is implemented using the MOSOA technique. Furthermore, the MOSOA-DLVD technique uses a deep belief network (DBN) method for intrusion detection and its classification. In order to improve the detection outcomes of the DBN algorithm, the sooty tern optimization algorithm (STOA) is applied for the hyperparameter tuning process. The performance of the proposed MOSOA-DLVD system was validated with extensive simulations upon a benchmark IDS dataset. The improved intrusion detection results of the MOSOA-DLVD approach with a maximum accuracy of 99.34% establish the proficiency of the model compared with recent methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T03:54:35Z","timestamp":1700798075000},"page":"9383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multi-Objective Seagull Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning-Enabled Vulnerability Detection for Secure Cloud Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Aljebreen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 28095, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal Abdullah","family":"Alohali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany","family":"Mahgoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science & Art at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumayh S.","family":"Aljameel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair, Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2137-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albandari","family":"Alsumayt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinolia, A., Kanya, N., and Rajavarman, V.N. (2023, January 23\u201325). Machine Learning and Deep Learning based Intrusion Detection in Cloud Environment: A Review. 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