{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T09:04:40Z","timestamp":1765357480933,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]],"date-time":"2023-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2022JJ40114","2023JJ30185","2020JJ4013","2023TP1038","22A0640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ40114","2023JJ30185","2020JJ4013","2023TP1038","22A0640"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for 3D Scene Visualization and Intelligence Education","award":["2022JJ40114","2023JJ30185","2020JJ4013","2023TP1038","22A0640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ40114","2023JJ30185","2020JJ4013","2023TP1038","22A0640"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province","award":["2022JJ40114","2023JJ30185","2020JJ4013","2023TP1038","22A0640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ40114","2023JJ30185","2020JJ4013","2023TP1038","22A0640"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most of the existing metasurfaces are effective for the incident wave with the specific circularly polarized (CP) or linearly polarized (LP) state, that is the polarization-sensitive metasurface. This drawback dramatically hinders the practical use of the metasurface. Herein, this paper presents a strategy of polarization-insensitive transmissive microwave metasurfaces to manipulate the incident wave with arbitrary CP and LP states. The metasurface consists of polarization-insensitive unit cells. For the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) incident waves, the same abrupt phase covering 0\u00b0 to 360\u00b0 can be realized by combining the Pancharatnam\u2013Berry (PB) and resonant phases. As the arbitrary LP wave can decompose into the LCP and RCP waves, metasurfaces consisting of designed unit cells are valid for any polarization states. The polarization-insensitive transmissive microwave metalens and orbital angular momentum multiplexing metasurface working at 23 GHz are devised for verification. Simulation and measurement results verify the availability of the approach. The proposed method is suitable for designing microwave-transmissive metasurfaces capable of polarization insensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:48:17Z","timestamp":1701056897000},"page":"9413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Polarization-Insensitive Transmissive Metasurfaces Using Pancharatnam\u2013Berry and Resonant Phases in Microwave Band"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7605-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for 3D Scene Visualization and Intelligence Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, Tech Lab, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2019, Australia"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for 3D Scene Visualization and Intelligence Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}]},{"given":"Shuhua","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for 3D Scene Visualization and Intelligence Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}]},{"given":"Jinggui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for 3D Scene Visualization and Intelligence Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8444-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}]},{"given":"Zhuofang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing 100191, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2012.6230714","article-title":"An overview of the theory and applications of metasurfaces: The two-dimensional equivalents of metamaterials","volume":"54","author":"Holloway","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Antenn. 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