{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:55:09Z","timestamp":1785524109971,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey"},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and Sleep Medicine Unit"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder characterized by frequent breathing pauses during sleep. The apnea\u2013hypopnea index is a measure used to assess the severity of sleep apnea and the hourly rate of respiratory events. Despite numerous commercial devices available for apnea diagnosis and early detection, accessibility remains challenging for the general population, leading to lengthy wait times in sleep clinics. Consequently, research on monitoring and predicting OSA has surged. This comprehensive paper reviews devices, emphasizing distinctions among representative apnea devices and technologies for home detection of OSA. The collected articles are analyzed to present a clear discussion. Each article is evaluated according to diagnostic elements, the implemented automation level, and the derived level of evidence and quality rating. The findings indicate that the critical variables for monitoring sleep behavior include oxygen saturation (oximetry), body position, respiratory effort, and respiratory flow. Also, the prevalent trend is the development of level IV devices, measuring one or two signals and supported by prediction software. Noteworthy methods showcasing optimal results involve neural networks, deep learning, and regression modeling, achieving an accuracy of approximately 99%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:34:10Z","timestamp":1701304450000},"page":"9512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Advancements in Home-Based Devices for Detecting Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7035-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5461-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Borja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha G.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8796-5662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: An American academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"13","author":"Kapur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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