{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T23:05:56Z","timestamp":1771887956498,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2021JH-QCY7-0024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JH-QCY7-0024"]}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["51705394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51705394"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JH-QCY7-0024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JH-QCY7-0024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51705394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51705394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research paper introduces an innovative technique for measuring displacement using auxetic tubular structure (ATS). The proposed displacement measurement method is based on tubular structures with a negative Poisson\u2019s ratio. It capitalizes on the underlying principle that the elastic deformation-induced change in transmittance of the ATS can be translated into a corresponding modification in the output current of the solar cell. This method allows for the conversion of the variation in light transmission into a corresponding variation in output voltage. The construction of the ATS can be achieved through 3D-printing technology, enhancing the accessibility of displacement measurement and design flexibility. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed measurement method exhibits a linear error of less than 8% without any subsequent signal processing and achieves a sensitivity of 0.011 V\/mm without signal amplification. Furthermore, experimental results also show that the proposed method has good repeatability and can maintain a high level of reliability and sensitivity when using different measurement devices. This confirms the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method, showing a favorable linear relationship between the input and output of the measurement system with an acceptable sensitivity, repeatability, and reliability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T04:12:56Z","timestamp":1701403976000},"page":"9544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Displacement Measurement Method Based on Double-Arrowhead Auxetic Tubular Structure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0605-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingguo","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7405-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengju","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5098-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massimo, S., Gianluca, B., Vincenzo, S., Leila, S., and Giuseppe, F. 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