{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T17:48:27Z","timestamp":1775929707832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Helmholtz Association within the framework of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optical methods such as ultraviolet\/visible (UV\/Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy are well-established analytical techniques for in situ water quality monitoring. A broad range of bio-logical and chemical contaminants in different concentration ranges can be detected using these methods. The availability of results in real time allows a quick response to water quality changes. The measuring devices are configured as portable multi-parameter probes. However, their specification and data processing typically cannot be changed by users, or only with difficulties. Therefore, we developed a submersible sensor probe, which combines UV\/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy together with a flexible data processing platform. Due to its modular design in the hardware and software, the sensing system can be modified to the specific application. The dimension of the waterproof enclosure with a diameter of 100 mm permits also its application in groundwater monitoring wells. As a light source for fluorescence spectroscopy, we constructed an LED array that can be equipped with four different LEDs. A miniaturized deuterium\u2013tungsten light source (200\u20131100 nm) was used for UV\/Vis spectroscopy. A miniaturized spectrometer with a spectral range between 225 and 1000 nm permits the detection of complete spectra for both methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T04:12:56Z","timestamp":1701403976000},"page":"9545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["In Situ Water Quality Monitoring Using an Optical Multiparameter Sensor Probe"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Goblirsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8599-5147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7350-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Penzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK Leipzig), Karl-Liebknecht-Stra\u00dfe 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK Leipzig), Karl-Liebknecht-Stra\u00dfe 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helko","family":"Borsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.113","article-title":"Using in-situ optical sensors to study dissolved organic carbon dynamics of streams and watersheds: A review","volume":"575","author":"Ruhala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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