{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:45:35Z","timestamp":1771613135061,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["NSTC 112-2410-H-324-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2410-H-324-001-MY2"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["MOST 111-2218-E-002-037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2218-E-002-037"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["I112IB120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I112IB120"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["111-2218-E-468-001-MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-2218-E-468-001-MBK"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["110-2218-E-468-001-MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2218-E-468-001-MBK"]}]},{"name":"Chelpis Quantum Tech Co., Ltd., Taiwan","award":["NSTC 112-2410-H-324-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2410-H-324-001-MY2"]}]},{"name":"Chelpis Quantum Tech Co., Ltd., Taiwan","award":["MOST 111-2218-E-002-037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2218-E-002-037"]}]},{"name":"Chelpis Quantum Tech Co., Ltd., Taiwan","award":["I112IB120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I112IB120"]}]},{"name":"Chelpis Quantum Tech Co., Ltd., Taiwan","award":["111-2218-E-468-001-MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-2218-E-468-001-MBK"]}]},{"name":"Chelpis Quantum Tech Co., Ltd., Taiwan","award":["110-2218-E-468-001-MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2218-E-468-001-MBK"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan","award":["NSTC 112-2410-H-324-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2410-H-324-001-MY2"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan","award":["MOST 111-2218-E-002-037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2218-E-002-037"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan","award":["I112IB120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I112IB120"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan","award":["111-2218-E-468-001-MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-2218-E-468-001-MBK"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan","award":["110-2218-E-468-001-MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2218-E-468-001-MBK"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to frequent traffic accidents around the world, people often take out car insurance to mitigate their losses and receive compensation in a traffic accident. However, in the existing car insurance claims process, there are problems such as insurance fraud, inability to effectively track and transmit insurance data, cumbersome insurance procedures, and high insurance data storage costs. Since the immutability and traceability features of blockchain technology can prevent data manipulation and trace past data, we have used the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) to sign and encrypt car insurance data, ensuring both data integrity and security. We propose a blockchain and IPFS-based anticounterfeiting and traceable car insurance claims system to improve the above problems. We incorporate the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) to reduce the cost of storing insurance data. This study also attempts to propose an arbitration mechanism in the event of a car insurance dispute.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T13:45:49Z","timestamp":1701524749000},"page":"9577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Blockchain and IPFS-Based Anticounterfeit Traceable Functionality of Car Insurance Claims System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Ming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Der-Chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsing-Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, November 05). SDG Target 3.6 Road Traffic Injuries. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/sdg-target-3_6-road-traffic-injuries."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Stewart, T. (2022). Overview of Motor Vehicle Crashes in 2020 (Report No. DOT HS 813 266)."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"CSY (2020). China Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Publishing House."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"European Commission (2022). Annual Statistical Report on Road Safety in the EU, 2021, European Road Safety Observatory, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Office, I.S. (2017). The Challenge of Auto Insurance Premium Leakage, Verisk Analytics, Inc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2022.113798","article-title":"Data misrepresentation detection for insurance underwriting fraud prevention","volume":"159","author":"Vandervorst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101744","article-title":"Insurance fraud detection: Evidence from artificial intelligence and machine learning","volume":"62","author":"Aslam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Int. Bus. Financ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaikh, M.K., Palaniappan, S., Khodadadi, T., Khurram, M., Khan, M.H., and Juzer, H. (2020, January 8\u20139). Insurematic: Generalized framework for Insurance company to Automate Insurance process. Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Information Science and Communication Technology (ICISCT), Karachi, Pakistan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISCT49550.2020.9080038"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBM-02-2018-0024","article-title":"Online insurance claims: When more than trust matters","volume":"37","author":"Gidhagen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Bank Mark."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, L. (2021, January 27\u201328). The Application of Blockchain Technology in the Financial Field. Proceedings of the International Conference on Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in AIoT Era (FoNeS-AIoT), Nicosia, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1109\/FoNeS-AIoT54873.2021.00036"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.3040789","article-title":"Blockchain-Secured Smart Manufacturing in Industry 4.0: A Survey","volume":"51","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62018","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2875782","article-title":"Blockchain in Logistics and Supply Chain: A Lean Approach for Designing Real-World Use Cases","volume":"6","author":"Perboli","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6129","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9912","article-title":"A Review on Blockchain Applications in the Agri-food Sector","volume":"99","author":"Antonucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21582440221079877","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440221079877","article-title":"Block Chain Application in Insurance Services: A Systematic Review of the Evidence","volume":"12","author":"Shetty","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raikwar, M., Mazumdar, S., Ruj, S., Sen Gupta, S., Chattopadhyay, A., and Lam, K.-Y. (2018, January 26\u201328). A Blockchain Framework for Insurance Processes. Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/NTMS.2018.8328731"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2880229","article-title":"A New Detection and Prevention System for ARP Attacks Using Static Entry","volume":"13","author":"Hijazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guru, A., Mohanta, B.K., Mohapatra, H., Al-Turjman, F., Altrjman, C., and Yadav, A. (2023). A Survey on Consensus Protocols and Attacks on Blockchain Technology. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app13042604"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., and Wang, H. (2017, January 25\u201330). An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress), Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataCongress.2017.85"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2022, November 05). HyperLedger Fabric Docs. Available online: https:\/\/hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s102070100002","article-title":"The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Benet, J. (2014). Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Sarwar, S., Nikolaos, P., William, J.B., Evangelos, M., Dimitra, P., and Ilias, P. (September, January 29). TRUSTEE: Towards the creation of a secure, trustworthy, and privacy-preserving framework. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability, and Security (ARES \u201923), Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58546","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2983300","article-title":"A Secure AI-Driven Architecture for Automated Insurance Systems: Fraud Detection and Risk Measurement","volume":"8","author":"Dhieb","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155145","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3018816","article-title":"Non-Repudiation Storage and Access Control Scheme of Insurance Data Based on Blockchain in IPFS","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2020.3034106","article-title":"Blockchain and IoT for Insurance: A Case Study and Cyberinfrastructure Solution on Fine-Grained Transportation Insurance","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4472","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3028014","article-title":"Scalable Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Usage-Based Insurance for Vehicles","volume":"8","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118093","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3219837","article-title":"Blockchain-Based Processing of Health Insurance Claims for Prescription Drugs","volume":"10","author":"Alnuaimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/23\/9577\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:36:41Z","timestamp":1760132201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/23\/9577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s23239577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23239577","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]}}}