{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:45:45Z","timestamp":1780991145696,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union (Next Generation EU)","award":["MUR-PNRR project SAMOTHRACE (ECS00000022)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUR-PNRR project SAMOTHRACE (ECS00000022)"]}]},{"name":"project PON \u201cR&amp;\u201d 2014\u20132020 EOLO\u2014Mobile system sampling for the control of pollution\u2014","award":["MUR-PNRR project SAMOTHRACE (ECS00000022)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUR-PNRR project SAMOTHRACE (ECS00000022)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of novel nanomaterials as highly efficient gas-sensing materials is envisaged as one of the most important routes in the field of gas-sensing research. However, developing stable, selective, and efficient materials for these purposes is a highly challenging task requiring numerous design attempts. In this work, a ZrO2\/Co3O4 composite is reported, for the first time, as a gas-sensing material for the detection of ethanol. The sensitive and selective detection of ethanol gas at 200 \u00b0C has been demonstrated for the ZrO2\/Co3O4 (0.20 wt%\/0.20 wt%)-based sensor. Furthermore, the sensor showed a very low response\/recovery time of 56 s and 363 s, respectively, in response to a pulse of 20 ppm of ethanol and good stability. The interesting gas-sensing property of ZrO2\/Co3O4 can be ascribed to both the porous structure, which facilitates the interaction between the target gas and the sensing site, and the p\u2013p-junction-induced built-in electric field. These results indicate that the ZrO2\/Co3O4 composite can serve as a heterostructured nanomaterial for the detection of ethanol gas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T13:45:49Z","timestamp":1701524749000},"page":"9578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Ethanol-Gas-Sensing Performances of Built-in ZrO2\/Co3O4 Hybrid Nanostructures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1550-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madiha","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Air University, PAF Complex, E-9, Islamabad 4400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2844-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Ferlazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mozaffar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Air University, PAF Complex, E-9, Islamabad 4400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enza","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1497-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Corsaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Maria","family":"Mezzasalma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8999-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors3010001","article-title":"First fifty years of chemoresistive gas sensors","volume":"3","author":"Neri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.3390\/s120302610","article-title":"Metal oxide nanostructures and their gas sensing properties: A review","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2012.10.041","article-title":"Advances and new directions in gas-sensing devices","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-023-11340-7","article-title":"Gas sensing performance of Fe2O3-Co3O4 nano heterojunctions for ethanol detection","volume":"34","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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