{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T09:49:29Z","timestamp":1767260969178,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)","award":["n\u00b0ANR-20-CE19-0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00b0ANR-20-CE19-0016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Back mobility is a criterion of well-being in a horse. Veterinarians visually assess the mobility of a horse\u2019s back during a locomotor examination. Quantifying it with on-board technology could be a major breakthrough to help them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a method of quantifying the back mobility of horses from inertial measurement units (IMUs) compared to motion capture (MOCAP) as a gold standard. Reflective markers and IMUs were positioned on the withers, eighteenth thoracic vertebra, and pelvis of four sound horses. The horses performed a walk and trot in straight lines and performed a gallop in circles on a soft surface. The developed method, based on the three IMUs, consists of calculating the flexion\/extension angle of the thoracolumbar region. The IMU method showed a mean bias of 0.8\u00b0 (\u00b11.5\u00b0) (mean (\u00b1SD)) and 0.8\u00b0 (\u00b11.4\u00b0), respectively, for the flexion and extension movements, all gaits combined, compared to the MOCAP method. The results of this study suggest that the developed method has a similar accuracy to that of MOCAP, opening up possibilities for easy measurements under field conditions. Future studies will need to examine the correlations between these biomechanical measures and clinicians\u2019 visual assessment of back mobility defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23249625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T02:55:32Z","timestamp":1701744932000},"page":"9625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Method for Quantifying Back Flexion\/Extension from Three Inertial Measurement Units Mounted on a Horse\u2019s Withers, Thoracolumbar Region, and Pelvis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8307-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Hatrisse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9canique et M\u00e9canique des Chocs (LBMC) UMR_T 9406, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France"},{"name":"CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Innovation Ouverte en Technologies de la Sant\u00e9 (LIO), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2381-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Macaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de BioM\u00e9canique et BioIng\u00e9nierie (UMR CNRS 7338), Centre of Excellence for Human and Animal Movement Biomechanics (CoEMoB), Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Compi\u00e8gne (UTC), Alliance Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 60200 Compi\u00e8gne, France"},{"name":"Labcom LIM-ENVA, LIM France, 24300 Nontron, France"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcom LIM-ENVA, LIM France, 24300 Nontron, France"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Hanne-Poujade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcom LIM-ENVA, LIM France, 24300 Nontron, France"}]},{"given":"Emeline","family":"De Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Audigi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Ben Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de BioM\u00e9canique et BioIng\u00e9nierie (UMR CNRS 7338), Centre of Excellence for Human and Animal Movement Biomechanics (CoEMoB), Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Compi\u00e8gne (UTC), Alliance Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 60200 Compi\u00e8gne, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0440-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de BioM\u00e9canique et BioIng\u00e9nierie (UMR CNRS 7338), Centre of Excellence for Human and Animal Movement Biomechanics (CoEMoB), Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Compi\u00e8gne (UTC), Alliance Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 60200 Compi\u00e8gne, France"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcom LIM-ENVA, LIM France, 24300 Nontron, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5935-4570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neila","family":"Mezghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Innovation Ouverte en Technologies de la Sant\u00e9 (LIO), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1977-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Chateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2265-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Ch\u00e8ze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9canique et M\u00e9canique des Chocs (LBMC) UMR_T 9406, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Back, W., and Clayton, H. 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