{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:56:34Z","timestamp":1780368994521,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing number of zero-emission vehicles on the roads demands novel vehicle charging solutions that ensure convenience, safety, increased charging infrastructure availability, and aesthetics. Wireless charging technology is seen as the one that could assure these desirable properties and could be applied not just in conventional implementations but also in off-grid solutions together with roadway energy harvesting systems. Both approaches require proper transfer of energy metering methods. In this paper, a method for measuring the power transferred to the load in a wireless charging system is presented, and its systematic error is assessed in the relevant range of influencing factors. The novelty of the method is that it does not require any metrologically certified measurement instrumentation on the receiver side of the wireless charging system. The error analysis is performed using a numerical simulation. Considered error-influencing factors included secondary side electrical load, coils\u2019 coupling coefficient and quality factor, current and voltage quantization resolution, and compensation topology type (serial-serial (SS) and serial-parallel (SP)). It was determined that the systematic error of the power assessment does not exceed 0.7% for SS and 1.1% for SP topologies when the coupling coefficient is in the range of 0.05 to 0.4 and the quality factor of the resonant system is in the range of 100 to 800.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23249636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T08:09:17Z","timestamp":1701763757000},"page":"9636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Measurement Method of Power Transferred to an Electric Vehicle Using Wireless Charging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1411-1161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017dilvinas","family":"Nakutis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 St. 50, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6071-2411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robertas","family":"Luko\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Electrical Power Systems, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 St. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoras","family":"Girdenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 St. 50, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3691-4958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaspars","family":"Kroi\u010ds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Riga Technical University, 12\/1 Azenes St., 1048 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.112730","article-title":"Wireless charging systems for electric vehicles","volume":"167","author":"Amjad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew. 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