{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T06:29:13Z","timestamp":1768631353312,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["886094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["886094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101094349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101094349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"Craeft Horizon Europe Research and Research Innovation Action of the European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["886094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["886094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"Craeft Horizon Europe Research and Research Innovation Action of the European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101094349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101094349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The practical, rapid, and accurate optical 3D reconstruction of transparent objects with contemporary non-contact optical techniques, has been an open challenge in the field of optical metrology. The combination of refraction, reflection, and transmission in transparent objects makes it very hard to use common off-the-shelf 3D reconstruction solutions to accurately reconstruct transparent objects in three dimensions without completely coating the object with an opaque material. We demonstrate in this work that a specific class of transparent objects can indeed be reconstructed without the use of opaque spray coatings, via Optical Projection Tomography (OPT). Particularly, the 3D reconstruction of large thin-walled hollow transparent objects can be achieved via OPT, without the use of refractive-index-matching liquid, accurately enough for use in both cultural heritage and beverage packaging industry applications. We compare 3D reconstructions of our proposed OPT method to those achieved by an industrial-grade 3D scanner and report average shape differences of \u00b10.34 mm for \u2018shelled\u2019 hollow objects and \u00b10.92 mm for \u2018non-shelled\u2019 hollow objects. A disadvantage of using OPT, which was noticed on the thicker \u2018non-shelled\u2019 hollow objects, as opposed to the \u2018shelled\u2019 hollow objects, was that it induced partial filling of hollow areas and the deformation of embossed features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23249814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T11:28:07Z","timestamp":1702898887000},"page":"9814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Large Scale Optical Projection Tomography without the Use of Refractive-Index-Matching Liquid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3769-1020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petros Ioannis","family":"Stavroulakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology\u2014Hellas (FORTH), 700 13 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2081-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore","family":"Ganetsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Destructive Techniques Laboratory, University of West Attica, 122 41 Egaleo, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1520-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xenophon","family":"Zabulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science (ICS), Foundation for Research and Technology\u2014Hellas (FORTH), 700 13 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2010.01753.x","article-title":"Transparent and Specular Object Reconstruction","volume":"29","author":"Ihrke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. 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