{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T10:33:55Z","timestamp":1763202835258,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52075206","51835005","2021BAA056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52075206","51835005","2021BAA056"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Research Program of Hubei Province","award":["52075206","51835005","2021BAA056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52075206","51835005","2021BAA056"]}]},{"name":"Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research","award":["52075206","51835005","2021BAA056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52075206","51835005","2021BAA056"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parametric splines are popular tools for precision optical metrology of complex freeform surfaces. However, as a promising topologically unconstrained solution, existing T-spline fitting techniques, such as improved global fitting, local fitting, and split-connect algorithms, still suffer the problems of low computational efficiency, especially in the case of large data scales and high accuracy requirements. This paper proposes a speed-improved algorithm for fast, large-scale freeform point cloud fitting by stitching locally fitted T-splines through three steps of localized operations. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm produces a three-to-eightfold efficiency improvement from the global and local fitting algorithms, and a two-to-fourfold improvement from the latest split-connect algorithm, in high-accuracy and large-scale fitting scenarios. A classical Lena image study showed that the algorithm is at least twice as fast as the split-connect algorithm using fewer than 80% control points of the latter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23249816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T11:28:07Z","timestamp":1702898887000},"page":"9816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stitching Locally Fitted T-Splines for Fast Fitting of Large-Scale Freeform Point Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7356-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5374-540X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1311-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenkang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tukun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Precision Technologies, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Macleod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMA Ltd., 29 Clay Lane, Hale, Cheshire WA15 8PJ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-067X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566600","article-title":"Real-time 3D model acquisition","volume":"3","author":"Rusinkiewicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"ACM Trans. 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