{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:55:29Z","timestamp":1775022929697,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,17]],"date-time":"2023-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital twins play a significant role in Industry 4.0, offering the potential to revolutionize machinery maintenance. In this paper, we introduce a new digital twin designed to address the open problem of predicting gear root crack propagation. This digital twin uses signal processing and model fitting to continuously monitor the condition of the root crack and successfully estimate the remaining time until immediate maintenance is required for the physical asset. The functionality of this new digital twin is demonstrated through the experimental data obtained from a planetary gear, where comparisons are made between the actual and estimated severity of the fault, as well as the remaining time until maintenance. It is shown that the digital twin addresses the open problem of predicting gear root crack propagation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23249883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T11:28:07Z","timestamp":1702898887000},"page":"9883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Digital Twin of a Gear Root Crack Prognosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9466-7516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omri","family":"Matania","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BGU-PHM Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2491-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Bechhoefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GPMS International Inc., 93 Pilgram Place, Waterbury, VT 05676, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8910-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Bortman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BGU-PHM Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.2948","article-title":"The digital twin in Industry 4.0: A wide-angle perspective","volume":"38","author":"Kenett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2021.103469","article-title":"Digital twin paradigm: A systematic literature review","volume":"130","author":"Semeraro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-022-03425-4","article-title":"A comprehensive review of digital twin\u2014Part 1: Modeling and twinning enabling technologies","volume":"65","author":"Thelen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Struct. Multidiscip. 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