{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:23:48Z","timestamp":1780385028942,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2015\/20124-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/20124-1"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2013\/09573-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/09573-3"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2013\/07296-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07296-2"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2022\/02927-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/02927-3"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["442076\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["442076\/2014-2"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["405140\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405140\/2018-5"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["2015\/20124-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/20124-1"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["2013\/09573-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/09573-3"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["2013\/07296-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07296-2"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["2022\/02927-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/02927-3"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["442076\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["442076\/2014-2"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["405140\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405140\/2018-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although semiconducting metal oxide (SMOx) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted attention as sensing materials, the methodologies available to synthesize them with desirable properties are quite limited and\/or often require relatively high energy consumption. Thus, we report herein the processing of Zn-doped SnO2 NPs via a microwave-assisted nonaqueous route at a relatively low temperature (160 \u00b0C) and with a short treatment time (20 min). In addition, the effects of adding Zn in the structural, electronic, and gas-sensing properties of SnO2 NPs were investigated. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed the single-phase of rutile SnO2, with an average crystal size of 7 nm. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy measurements revealed the homogenous incorporation of Zn ions into the SnO2 network. Gas sensing tests showed that Zn-doped SnO2 NPs were highly sensitive to sub-ppm levels of NO2 gas at 150 \u00b0C, with good recovery and stability even under ambient moisture. We observed an increase in the response of the Zn-doped sample of up to 100 times compared to the pristine one. This enhancement in the gas-sensing performance was linked to the Zn ions that provided more surface oxygen defects acting as active sites for the NO2 adsorption on the sensing material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T02:58:12Z","timestamp":1703645892000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Role of Zn Ions in the Structural, Surface, and Gas-Sensing Properties of SnO2:Zn Nanocrystals Synthesized via a Microwave-Assisted Route"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6257-5537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds F.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Z\u00fcrich, 8093 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia A.","family":"Lucchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Z\u00fcrich, 8093 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadne C.","family":"Catto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldir","family":"Avansi Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9673-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8491-4843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalifa","family":"Aguir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6058-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Niederberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Z\u00fcrich, 8093 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elson","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7944","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500567r","article-title":"Recent Progress on the Development of Chemosensors for Gases","volume":"115","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. 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