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However, the excellent properties of CSF is limited by its inappropriate selection of the number and length of its filters. Therefore, the Adaptive Convolution Sparse Filtering (ACSF) method is proposed in this paper to implement an end-to-end health monitoring and fault diagnostic model. Firstly, a novel metric entropy\u2013time function (He\u2212T) is proposed to measure the accuracy and efficiency of signals filtered by the CSF. Then, the filtered signal with the minimum He\u2212T is detected with particle swarm optimization. Finally, the failure mode is diagnosed according to the envelope spectrum of the signal with minimum He\u2212T. The effectiveness and efficiency of the ACSF is demonstrated through the experiment. The results indicate the ACSF can extract the failure characteristic of the gearbox.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T03:30:34Z","timestamp":1703734234000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adaptive Convolution Sparse Filtering Method for the Fault Diagnosis of an Engine Timing Gearbox"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shigong","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongzhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8690-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"075112","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ac5d77","article-title":"Fast nonlinear Hoyergram for bearings fault diagnosis under random impact interference","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meas. 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