{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:29:02Z","timestamp":1780489742824,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) is an optical method for detecting changes in refractive index by the interaction between incident light and delocalized electrons within specific metal thin films\u2019 localized \u201chot spots\u201d. LSPR-based sensors possess advantages, including their compact size, enhanced sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for point-of-care applications. This research focuses on the development of LSPR-based nanohole arrays (NHAs) as a platform for monitoring probe\/target binding events in real time without labeling, for low-level biomolecular target detection in biomedical diagnostics. To achieve this objective, this study involves creating a liquid-phase setup for capturing target molecules. Finite-difference time-domain simulations revealed that a 75 nm thickness of gold (Au) is ideal for NHA structures, which were visually examined using scanning electron microscopy. To illustrate the functionality of the liquid-phase sensor, a PDMS microfluidic channel was fabricated using a 3D-printed mold with a glass slide base and a top glass cover slip, enabling reflectance-mode measurements from each of four device sectors. This study shows the design, fabrication, and assessment of NHA-based LSPR sensor platforms within a PDMS microfluidic channel, confirming the sensor\u2019s functionality and reproducibility in a liquid-phase environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T09:35:21Z","timestamp":1703756121000},"page":"186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of Liquid-Phase Plasmonic Sensor Platforms for Prospective Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0662-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sezin","family":"Sayin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Acosta Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3D Enviro, Barboursville, VA 22923, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1089-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Zaghloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100902","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.54.10.100902","article-title":"Recent advances in plasmonic nanostructures for sensing: A review","volume":"54","author":"Strobbia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. 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