{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:39:54Z","timestamp":1771295994728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONAHCYT (Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnologia)","award":["812898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["812898"]}]},{"name":"CONAHCYT (Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnologia)","award":["PROFAPI 2022 A8-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROFAPI 2022 A8-010"]}]},{"name":"Autonomous University of Sinaloa","award":["812898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["812898"]}]},{"name":"Autonomous University of Sinaloa","award":["PROFAPI 2022 A8-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROFAPI 2022 A8-010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained a positive popularity for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The underlying reason for using WSNs is the vast number of devices supporting wireless networks available these days. However, some of these devices are expensive. The main objective of this paper is to develop a cost-effective WSN based on low power consumption and long-range radios, which can perform real-time, real-scale acceleration data analyses. Since a detection system for vibration propagation is proposed in this paper, the synchronized monitoring of acceleration data is necessary. To meet this need, a Pulse Per Second (PPS) synchronization method is proposed with the help of GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers, representing an addition to the synchronization method based on real-time clock (RTC). As a result, RTC+PPS is the term used when referring to this method in this paper. In summary, the experiments presented in this research consist in performing specific and synchronized measurements on a full-scale steel I-beam. Finally, it is possible to perform measurements with a synchronization success of 100% in a total of 30 samples, thereby obtaining the propagation of vibrations in the structure under consideration by implementing the RTS+PPS method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T03:28:41Z","timestamp":1703820521000},"page":"199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["GPS-Based Network Synchronization of Wireless Sensors for Extracting Propagation of Disturbance on Structural Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jesus Ricardo","family":"Salazar-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80013, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-3712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus Roberto","family":"Millan-Almaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Mathematics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9230-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Ramon","family":"Gaxiola-Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8456-537X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe Esteban","family":"Vazquez-Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Jesus Martin","family":"Leal-Graciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-014-9135-7","article-title":"Signal Processing Techniques for Vibration-Based Health Monitoring of Smart Structures","volume":"23","author":"Adeli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. 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