{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:48:15Z","timestamp":1760150895849,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"]}]},{"name":"Contrat de Plan Etat-Region (CPER) WaveTech","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Research","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"]}]},{"name":"Hauts-de-France (HdF) Regional council","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"]}]},{"name":"Lille European Metropolis (MEL)","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Physics of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optical sensors constitute attractive alternatives to resistive probes for the sensing and monitoring of temperature (T). In this work, we investigated, in the range from 2 to 300 K, the thermal behavior of Yb2+ ion photoluminescence (PL) in glass hosts for cryogenic thermometry. To that end, two kinds of Yb2+-doped preforms, with aluminosilicate and aluminophosphosilicate core glasses, were made using the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technique. The obtained preforms were then elongated, at about 2000 \u00b0C, to canes with an Yb2+-doped core of about 500 \u00b5m. Under UV excitation and independently of the core composition, all samples of preforms and their corresponding canes presented a wide visible emission band attributed to Yb2+ ions. Furthermore, PL kinetics measurements, recorded at two emission wavelengths (502 and 582 nm) under 355 nm pulsed excitation, showed an increase, at very low T, followed by a decrease in lifetime until room temperature (RT). A modified two-level model was proposed to interpret such a decay time dependence versus T. Based on the fit of lifetime data with this model, the absolute (Sa) and relative (Sr) sensitivities were determined for each sample. For both the preform and its corresponding cane, the aluminophosphosilicate glass composition featured the highest performances in the cryogenic domain, with values exceeding 28.3 \u00b5sK\u22121 and 94.4% K\u22121 at 30 K for Sa and Sr, respectively. The aluminophosphosilicate preform also exhibited the wider T operating range of 10\u2013300 K. Our results show that Yb2+-doped silicate glasses are promising sensing materials for optical thermometry applications in the cryogenic domain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T10:01:06Z","timestamp":1704016866000},"page":"248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Yb2+-Doped Silicate Glasses as Optical Sensor Materials for Cryogenic Thermometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hicham","family":"El Hamzaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CERLA, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Mol\u00e9cules, F-59000 Lille, France"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Razdobreev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CERLA, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Mol\u00e9cules, F-59000 Lille, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-1590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Cieslikiewicz-Bouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CERLA, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Mol\u00e9cules, F-59000 Lille, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy","family":"Cassez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CERLA, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Mol\u00e9cules, F-59000 Lille, France"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Andrieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CERLA, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Mol\u00e9cules, F-59000 Lille, France"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bouazaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CERLA, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Mol\u00e9cules, F-59000 Lille, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/2944.468377","article-title":"Ytterbium-doped silica fiber lasers: Versatile sources for the 1\u20131.2 \u00b5m region","volume":"1","author":"Pask","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2013.273","article-title":"High-power fibre lasers","volume":"7","author":"Jauregui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2014.2321279","article-title":"High Power Fiber Lasers: A Review","volume":"20","author":"Zervas","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.061","article-title":"Materials for high-power fiber lasers","volume":"352","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.006681","article-title":"Experimental evidence for the formation of divalent ytterbium in the photodarkening process of Yb-doped fiber lasers","volume":"21","author":"Rydberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"051601","DOI":"10.3788\/COL201311.051601","article-title":"Effect of aluminum co-doping on the formation of Yb2+ in Ytterbium-doped high silica glass","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2011.11.002","article-title":"Luminescence of Yb2+, Yb3+ co-doped silica glass for white light source","volume":"34","author":"Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1108\/02602280510577852","article-title":"Review of luminescent based fibre optic temperature sensors","volume":"25","author":"McSherry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1063\/1.368705","article-title":"Comparison of fluorescence-based temperature sensor schemes: Theoretical analysis and experimental validation","volume":"84","author":"Collins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1149267","article-title":"Ytterbium-based fluorescence decay time fiber optic temperature sensor systems","volume":"69","author":"Sun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.481191","article-title":"Potential of ytterbium doped silica glass for solid-state optical refrigeration to below 200\u2009K","volume":"31","author":"Topper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1051\/jphys:0198900500150210500","article-title":"Luminescence and photoionization processes of Yb2+ in CaF2, SrF2 and BaF2","volume":"50","author":"Moine","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-3992(95)00107-7","article-title":"Optical fibre temperature sensor in the cryogenic range","volume":"28","author":"Bertrand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1364\/OME.388350","article-title":"Optical properties of ytterbium\/aluminium doped silica glasses","volume":"10","author":"Unger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Mater. Express"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15540","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.015540","article-title":"Efficient Yb laser fibers with low photodarkening by optimization of the core composition","volume":"16","author":"Jetschke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.20075191206","article-title":"The history of the stretched exponential function","volume":"16","author":"Cardona","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"460","article-title":"History of the Kohlrausch (stretched exponential) function: Pioneering work in luminescence","volume":"17","author":"Bodunov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184430","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.74.184430","article-title":"Stretched exponential relaxation arising from a continuous sum of exponential decays","volume":"74","author":"Johnston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1063\/1.336810","article-title":"Aluminum or phosphorus co-doping effects on the fluorescence and structural properties of neodymium-doped silica glass","volume":"59","author":"Arai","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014503","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3673792","article-title":"Clusters dissolution of Yb3+ in codoped SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5 glass fiber and its relevance to photodarkening","volume":"136","author":"Deschamps","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7772","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.48.7772","article-title":"Temperature dependences of fluorescence lifetimes in Cr3+-doped insulating crystals","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mykhaylyk, V., Kraus, H., Zhydachevskyy, Y., Tsiumra, V., Luchechko, A., Wagner, A., and Suchocki, A. (2020). Multimodal Non-Contact Luminescence Thermometry with Cr-Doped Oxides. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185259"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14820","DOI":"10.1039\/D1DT02836G","article-title":"Al2O3 co-doped with Cr3+ and Mn4+, a dual-emitter probe for multimodal non-contact luminescence thermometry","volume":"50","author":"Mykhaylyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13196","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP00085A","article-title":"Photoluminescence properties of Yb2+ ions doped in the perovskites CsCaX3 and CsSrX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I)\u2014A comparative study","volume":"18","author":"Suta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ando, M.F., Benzine, O., Pan, Z., Garden, J.-L., Wondraczek, K., Grimm, S., Schuster, K., and Wondraczek, L. (2018). Boson peak, heterogeneity and intermediate-range order in binary SiO2-Al2O3 glasses. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23574-1"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2015.06.061","article-title":"Raman investigation of germanium- and phosphorus-doping effects on the structure of sol\u2013gel silica-based optical fiber preforms","volume":"1099","author":"Bouazaoui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10227","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/2\/51\/001","article-title":"Vibrational dynamics and the structure of glasses","volume":"2","author":"Duval","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"040902","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0014825","article-title":"Trends in luminescence thermometry","volume":"128","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/1\/248\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:45:22Z","timestamp":1760132722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/1\/248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s24010248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24010248","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]}}}