{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:37:29Z","timestamp":1773153449426,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Public Service Technology Research Project","award":["LGG21E050024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGG21E050024"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Public Service Technology Research Project","award":["2022C01065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C01065"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D projects of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","award":["LGG21E050024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGG21E050024"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D projects of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","award":["2022C01065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022C01065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patterns entered into knitting CAD have thousands or tens of thousands of different colors, which need to be merged by color-separation algorithms. However, for degraded patterns, the current color-separation algorithms cannot achieve the desired results, and the clustering quantity parameter needs to be managed manually. In this paper, we propose a fast and automatic FCM color-separation algorithm based on superpixels, which first uses the Real-ESRGAN blind super-resolution network to clarify the degraded patterns and obtain high-resolution images with clear boundaries. Then, it uses the improved MMGR-WT superpixel algorithm to pre-separate the high-resolution images and obtain superpixel images with smooth and accurate edges. Subsequently, the number of superpixel clusters is automatically calculated by the improved density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm. Finally, the superpixels are clustered using fast fuzzy c-means (FCM) based on a color histogram. The experimental results show that not only is the algorithm able to automatically determine the number of colors in the pattern and achieve the accurate color separation of degraded patterns, but it also has lower running time. The color-separation results for 30 degraded patterns show that the segmentation accuracy of the color-separation algorithm proposed in this paper reaches 95.78%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T05:50:38Z","timestamp":1704261038000},"page":"281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fast Automatic Fuzzy C-Means Knitting Pattern Color-Separation Algorithm Based on Superpixels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5052-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Ru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laihu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaharieva-Stoyanova, E., and Bozov, S. 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