{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T10:07:46Z","timestamp":1774865266725,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Foundation of National Railway Intelligence Transportation System Engineering Technology Research Center","award":["RITS2021KF02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RITS2021KF02"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of National Railway Intelligence Transportation System Engineering Technology Research Center","award":["61971238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971238"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["RITS2021KF02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RITS2021KF02"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61971238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971238"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper studies extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO)-empowered integrated sensing and secure communication systems, where both the radar targets and the communication user are located within the near-field region of the transmitter. The radar targets, being untrusted entities, have the potential to intercept the confidential messages intended for the communication user. In this context, we investigate the near-field beam-focusing design, aiming to maximize the achievable secrecy rate for the communication user while satisfying the transmit beampattern gain requirements for the radar targets. We address the corresponding globally optimal non-convex optimization problem by employing a semidefinite relaxation-based two-stage procedure. Additionally, we provide a sub-optimal solution to reduce complexity. Numerical results demonstrate that beam focusing enables the attainment of a positive secrecy rate, even when the radar targets and communication user align along the same angle direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T11:31:50Z","timestamp":1704281510000},"page":"295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Integrated Sensing and Secure Communication with XL-MIMO"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2981-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.3004739","article-title":"Joint transmit beamforming for multiuser MIMO communications and MIMO radar","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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