{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T13:19:49Z","timestamp":1769087989882,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["18YJCZH249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YJCZH249"]}]},{"name":"the Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["201904010241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201904010241"]}]},{"name":"the Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["263303306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["263303306"]}]},{"name":"the Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["2022-59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-59"]}]},{"name":"the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["18YJCZH249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YJCZH249"]}]},{"name":"the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["201904010241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201904010241"]}]},{"name":"the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["263303306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["263303306"]}]},{"name":"the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["2022-59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-59"]}]},{"name":"the Humanity Design and Engineering Research Team","award":["18YJCZH249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YJCZH249"]}]},{"name":"the Humanity Design and Engineering Research Team","award":["201904010241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201904010241"]}]},{"name":"the Humanity Design and Engineering Research Team","award":["263303306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["263303306"]}]},{"name":"the Humanity Design and Engineering Research Team","award":["2022-59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-59"]}]},{"name":"the Quality Engineering Project of Guangdong University of Technology","award":["18YJCZH249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YJCZH249"]}]},{"name":"the Quality Engineering Project of Guangdong University of Technology","award":["201904010241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201904010241"]}]},{"name":"the Quality Engineering Project of Guangdong University of Technology","award":["263303306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["263303306"]}]},{"name":"the Quality Engineering Project of Guangdong University of Technology","award":["2022-59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-59"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most navigation aids for visually impaired individuals require users to pay close attention and actively understand the instructions or feedback of guidance, which impose considerable cognitive loads in long-term usage. To tackle the issue, this study proposes a cognitive burden-free electronic travel aid for individuals with visual impairments. Utilizing human instinctive compliance in response to external force, we introduce the \u201cAerial Guide Dog\u201d, a helium balloon aerostat drone designed for indoor guidance, which leverages gentle tugs in real time for directional guidance, ensuring a seamless and intuitive guiding experience. The introduced Aerial Guide Dog has been evaluated in terms of directional guidance and path following in the pilot study, focusing on assessing its accuracy in orientation and the overall performance in navigation. Preliminary results show that the Aerial Guide Dog, utilizing Ultra-Wideband (UWB) spatial positioning and Measurement Unit (IMU) angle sensors, consistently maintained minimal deviation from the targeting direction and designated path, while imposing negligible cognitive burdens on users while completing the guidance tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T04:05:38Z","timestamp":1704341138000},"page":"297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Aerial Guide Dog: A Low-Cognitive-Load Indoor Electronic Travel Aid for Visually Impaired Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3247-6236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0041-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wujing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}]},{"given":"Shiyao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e888","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30293-0","article-title":"Magnitude, Temporal Trends, and Projections of the Global Prevalence of Blindness and Distance and near Vision Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Bourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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