{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:51:48Z","timestamp":1768315908332,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP20H00622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20H00622"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP23H03507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23H03507"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP23K02469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K02469"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While virtual reality (VR) technologies enable remote communication through the use of 3D avatars, it is often difficult to foster engaging group discussions without addressing the limitations to the non-verbal communication among distributed participants. In this paper, we discuss a technique to detect the intentions to speak in group discussions by tapping into intricate sensor data streams from VR headsets and hand-controllers. To this end, we developed a prototype VR group discussion app equipped with comprehensive sensor data-logging functions and conducted an experiment of VR group discussions (N = 24). We used the quantitative and qualitative experimental data to analyze participants\u2019 experiences of group discussions in relation to the temporal patterns of their different speaking intentions. We then propose a sensor-based mechanism for detecting speaking intentions by employing a sampling strategy that considers the temporal patterns of speaking intentions, and we verify the feasibility of our approach in group discussion settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T06:12:58Z","timestamp":1704694378000},"page":"362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sensing the Intentions to Speak in VR Group Discussions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2776-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiadong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}]},{"given":"Chenghao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}]},{"given":"Zhankun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin\u2018ichi","family":"Konomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jerald, J. 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