{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T19:51:19Z","timestamp":1783194679282,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Defence within the Organization Development Project VAROPS","award":["2565-02-01-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2565-02-01-005"]}]},{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","award":["2565-02-01-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2565-02-01-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a novel current-mode shadow filter employing current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) with controlled current gains is presented. The CCCII-based current-mode shadow filters are resistorless and can offer a number of advantages such as circuit simplicity and electronic tuning capability. The proposed shadow filters offer five filtering functions, i.e., low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass functions, in the same topology. Furthermore, no component matching condition is required to realize all the transfer functions. The natural frequency and quality factor adjustment is possible by using the CCCII current gains without the need to use external amplifiers, all capacitors are grounded, and the filter terminals offer low-input and high-output impedance. To verify the functionality and feasibility of the new topologies, the proposed circuits were simulated using SPICE and the transistor model process parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) from AT&amp;T\u2019s bipolar arrays ALA400-CBIC-R. The simulation results are consistent with the theory. The CCCII experimental setup was designed using commercially available 2N3904 (NPN) and 2N3906 (PNP) transistors with a supply voltage of \u00b12.5 V. The measurement results confirm the performance of the designed filters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T08:27:07Z","timestamp":1704961627000},"page":"460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Current-Mode Shadow Filter with Single-Input Multiple-Output Using Current-Controlled Current Conveyors with Controlled Current Gain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1960-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montree","family":"Kumngern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9864-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Khateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics, Brno University of Technology, Technick\u00e1 10, 601 90 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, N\u00e1m. S\u00edtn\u00e1 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Defence, Kounicova 65, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-9292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kulej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-4135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kyselak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Defence, Kounicova 65, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somkiat","family":"Lerkvaranyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boonying","family":"Knobnob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19890513","article-title":"All-current-mode frequency selective circuits","volume":"25","author":"Roberts","year":"1989","journal-title":"Electron. 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