{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:15:59Z","timestamp":1780485359570,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB4202002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB4202002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FSKLCCA2203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSKLCCA2203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion","award":["2022YFB4202002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB4202002"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion","award":["FSKLCCA2203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSKLCCA2203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a portable spectral analysis instrument based on spontaneous emission spectroscopy (SES) was developed for the in situ, non-intrusive, and quantitative measurement of gaseous Na inside ZD coal-fired boilers, which is mainly applied for predicting slagging in furnaces. This technology is needed urgently because the problem of fouling and slagging caused by high alkali metals in ZD coal restricts the rational utilization of this coal. The relative extended uncertainty for the measurement of gaseous Na concentration is Urel = 10%, k = 2, which indicates that measurement data are reliable under working conditions. It was found that there is a clear linear relationship between the concentration of gaseous Na and fouling in high-alkali coal boilers. Therefore, a fast and efficient method for predicting the slagging and fouling of high-alkali coal boilers can be established by using this in situ online real-time optical measurement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T11:43:53Z","timestamp":1705059833000},"page":"488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation of Slagging Condition in a Zhundong Coal-Fired Boiler via In Situ Optical Measurement of Gaseous Sodium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830002, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Measurement and Testing of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haofan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830002, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanxi","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"BP Plc (2023). 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