{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:27:24Z","timestamp":1775694444565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFB3207100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3207100"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022EJD009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022EJD009"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Strategic Scientist Training Plan","award":["2022YFB3207100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3207100"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Strategic Scientist Training Plan","award":["2022EJD009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022EJD009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapid development of novel energy vehicles, power generation, photovoltaics, and other industries, power electronic devices have gained considerable attention. Insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) have been widely used in those fields. With the emergence of intelligent manufacturing concepts such as Germany\u2019s \u201cIndustry 4.0\u201d and China\u2019s \u201cMade in China 2025\u201d, conventional manufacturing which needs to be upgraded with higher efficiency and yield is rapidly pivoting toward digitalization and intelligence. The digital twin methodology has been extensively used in various industries for constructing virtual models of physical entities, facilitating real-time data interconnection to reduce costs and improve efficiency. This study proposes a modular intelligent IGBT production line based on the digital twin. Real-time data are transmitted from a physical line to a digital line for storage and analysis. The digital line is visualized, and an intelligent management platform containing multiple functions is developed. Additionally, a process simulation database is established to obtain the optimal process parameters. Numerous quality issues that can arise during each process of IGBT packaging are addressed using a problem-solving approach based on the digital twin methodology. Consequently, this digital-twin-based IGBT intelligent production line effectively enhances yield rates and efficiency. IGBT modules with various packaging forms such as ACF, ACE, and ACD are manufactured.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T05:52:03Z","timestamp":1705557123000},"page":"612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Digital-Twin-Driven Intelligent Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor Production Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuehan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6033-078X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China"},{"name":"School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.05.011","article-title":"Digital twins-based smart manufacturing system design in Industry 4.0: A review","volume":"60","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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