{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T03:16:40Z","timestamp":1774495000403,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF0607500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0607500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3232047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3232047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNRC001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF0607500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0607500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3232047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3232047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNRC001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST","award":["2022YFF0607500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0607500"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST","award":["3232047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3232047"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST","award":["2022QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNRC001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concrete structures have emerged as some of the most extensively utilized materials in the construction industry due to their inherent plasticity and high-strength characteristics. However, due to the temperature fluctuations, humidity, and damage caused by human activities, challenges such as crack propagation and structural failures pose threats to the safety of people\u2019s lives and property. Meanwhile, conventional non-destructive testing methods are limited to defect detection and lack the capability to provide real-time monitoring and evaluating of concrete structural stability. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on the development of effective techniques for monitoring the health of concrete structures, facilitating prompt repairs and mitigation of potential instabilities. This paper comprehensively presents traditional and novel methods for concrete structural properties and damage evolution monitoring, including emission techniques, electrical resistivity monitoring, electromagnetic radiation method, piezoelectric transducers, ultrasonic techniques, and the infrared thermography approach. Moreover, the fundamental principles, advantages, limitations, similarities and differences of each monitoring technique are extensively discussed, along with future research directions. Each method has its suitable monitoring scenarios, and in practical applications, several methods are often combined to achieve better monitoring results. The outcomes of this research provide valuable technical insights for future studies and advancements in the field of concrete structural health monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T11:28:46Z","timestamp":1705577326000},"page":"620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A Review on Concrete Structural Properties and Damage Evolution Monitoring Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7337-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7315-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisha","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7239-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuzhi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-2566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songling","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.03.013","article-title":"A review on concrete fracture energy and effective parameters","volume":"120","author":"Khalilpour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cem. 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