{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T16:55:45Z","timestamp":1769360145201,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101016453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101016453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPJ000595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ000595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC)","award":["101016453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101016453"]}]},{"name":"Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC)","award":["JPJ000595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ000595"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With a substantial rise in life expectancy throughout the last century, society faces the imperative of seeking inventive approaches to foster active aging and provide adequate aging care. The e-VITA initiative, jointly funded by the European Union and Japan, centers on an advanced virtual coaching methodology designed to target essential aspects of promoting active and healthy aging. This paper describes the technical framework underlying the e-VITA virtual coaching system platform and presents preliminary feedback on its use. At its core is the e-VITA Manager, a pivotal component responsible for harmonizing the seamless integration of various specialized devices and modules. These modules include the Dialogue Manager, Data Fusion, and Emotional Detection, each making distinct contributions to enhance the platform\u2019s functionalities. The platform\u2019s design incorporates a multitude of devices and software components from Europe and Japan, each built upon diverse technologies and standards. This versatile platform facilitates communication and seamless integration among smart devices such as sensors and robots while efficiently managing data to provide comprehensive coaching functionalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T05:46:44Z","timestamp":1705643204000},"page":"638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Empowering Smart Aging: Insights into the Technical Architecture of the e-VITA Virtual Coaching System for Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2031-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Naccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"D\u2019Agresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Ingegneria Informatica SpA, 00144 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja Dana","family":"Roelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentelle Psychophysiologie GmbH, 40215 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiina","family":"Jokinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIRC\/AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Casaccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3372-7543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Marco","family":"Revel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5889-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martino","family":"Maggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Ingegneria Informatica SpA, 00144 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zohre","family":"Azimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentelle Psychophysiologie GmbH, 40215 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirza Mohtashim","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, FIZ Karlsruhe, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qasid","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Informatics (InfAI), 04109 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abrar Hyder","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Informatics (InfAI), 04109 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6842-7575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Informatics (InfAI), 04109 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Szczepaniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com (IMT), 91120 Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mossaab","family":"Hariz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com (IMT), 91120 Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4245-146X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Chollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com (IMT), 91120 Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0655-2880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Lohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com (IMT), 91120 Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Boudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com (IMT), 91120 Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Wieching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Business Informatics & New Media, University Siegen, Kohlbettstr. 15, 57072 Siegen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7852-2787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshimi","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01385-8","article-title":"E-Health Interventions for Healthy Aging: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Buyl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141460","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1141460","article-title":"Social Robotics to Support Older People with Dementia: A Study Protocol with Paro Seal Robot in an Italian Alzheimer\u2019s Day Center","volume":"11","author":"Bevilacqua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929261","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.929261","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Multidomain and Lifestyle Interventions to Support the Intrinsic Capacity of the Older Population","volume":"9","author":"Bevilacqua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2023, August 30). Homepage of E-VITA. Available online: https:\/\/www.e-vita.coach\/."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Takama, Y., Matsumura, N., Yada, K., Matsushita, M., Katagami, D., Abe, A., Kashima, H., Hiraoka, T., Uchiya, T., and Rzepka, R. Integration and Interaction of Trustworthy AI in a Virtual Coach\u2013An Overview of EU-Japan Collaboration on Eldercare. Proceedings of the Advances in Artificial Intelligence."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2023, September 28). Digital Enabler. Available online: http:\/\/www.eng.it\/en\/our-platforms-solutions\/digital-enabler."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2023, October 09). Keycloak. Available online: https:\/\/www.keycloak.org\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125895","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2023.1125895","article-title":"Older Adults\u2019 Perspectives on Multimodal Interaction with a Conversational Virtual Coach","volume":"5","author":"Angelini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2023, November 27). WellCO\u2013Welcome to WellCO HORIZON 2020 Project Website!. Available online: http:\/\/wellco-project.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2023, November 27). The Project. Available online: https:\/\/holobalance.eu\/the-project\/."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2020.1759146","article-title":"Designing Interoperable Telehealth Platforms: Bridging IoT Devices with Cloud Infrastructures","volume":"14","author":"Tsiouris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Enterp. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Brinkschulte, L., Mariacher, N., Schl\u00f6gl, S., Torres, M.I., Justo, R., Olaso, J.M., Esposito, A., Cordasco, G., Chollet, G., and Glackin, C. (2021). The EMPATHIC Project: Building an Expressive, Advanced Virtual Coach to Improve Independent Healthy-Life-Years of the Elderly. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2023, November 27). Council of Coaches-Open B.E.T.A. Available online: https:\/\/www.council-of-coaches.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Akker, H., Akker, R., Beinema, T., Banos, O., Heylen, D., Bedsted, B., Pease, A., Pelachaud, C., Traver, V., and Kyriazakos, S. (2018). Council of Coaches-A Novel Holistic Behavior Change Coaching Approach, SCITEPRESS-Science and Technology Publications."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2023, November 27). Home-Nestore. Available online: https:\/\/nestore-coach.eu\/home."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreoni, G., and Mambretti, C. (2021). Digital Health Technology for Better Aging: A multidisciplinary approach, Research for Development; Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72663-8"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreoni, G., and Mambretti, C. (2021). Digital Health Technology for Better Aging: A multidisciplinary approach, Research for Development; Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72663-8"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545949","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2020.545949","article-title":"\u201cHi This Is NESTORE, Your Personal Assistant\u201d: Design of an Integrated IoT System for a Personalized Coach for Healthy Aging","volume":"2","author":"Palumbo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Digit. Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelini, L., Mugellini, E., Khaled, O.A., R\u00f6cke, C., Guye, S., Porcelli, S., Mastropietro, A., Rizzo, G., Boqu\u00e9, N., and del Bas, J.M. (2019, January 5\u20137). The NESTORE E-Coach: Accompanying Older Adults through a Personalized Pathway to Wellbeing. Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, Rhodes, Greece.","DOI":"10.1145\/3316782.3322763"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Kamali, M., Angelini, L., Caon, M., Andreoni, G., Khaled, O.A., and Mugellini, E. (2018, January 8\u201312). Towards the NESTORE E-Coach: A Tangible and Embodied Conversational Agent for Older Adults. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1145\/3267305.3274188"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2023, November 27). Home|CAPTAIN. Available online: https:\/\/www.captain-eu.org\/."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Konstantinidis, E.I., Petsani, D., Conti, G., Billis, A., Conotter, V., Chican, G., Lorenzo, T.L., Rodr\u0237Guez, A.R., Fraile, S.H., and Beristain, A. (2019). MEDINFO 2019: Health and Wellbeing e-Networks for All, IOS Press."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petsani, D., Mantziari, D., Zilidou, V., Konstantinidis, E.I., Billis, A., Timoleon, M., Kiriakidis, N., Nikolaidou, M., and Bamidis, P.D. (2019, January 5\u20137). Co-Design the Future CAPTAIN System with Older Adults: Focusing on the e-Coaching Dimensions. Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, Rhodes, Greece.","DOI":"10.1145\/3316782.3322765"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tessarolo, F., Nollo, G., Conotter, V., Onorati, G., Konstantinidis, E.I., Petsani, D., and Bamidis, P.D. (2019, January 19\u201321). User-Centered Co-Design and AGILE Methodology for Developing Ambient Assisting Technologies: Study Plan and Methodological Framework of the CAPTAIN Project. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Consumer Technologies (ISCT), Ancona, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCE.2019.8901003"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546562","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2020.546562","article-title":"A Novel Virtual Coaching System Based on Personalized Clinical Pathways for Rehabilitation of Older Adults\u2014Requirements and Implementation Plan of the vCare Project","volume":"2","author":"Kyriazakos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Digit. Health"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2023, November 27). SAAM-Supporting Active Ageing through Multimodal Coaching. Available online: https:\/\/saam2020.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimitrov, Y., Gospodinova, Z., Wheeler, R., \u017dnidar\u0161i\u010d, M., \u017denko, B., Veleva, V., and Miteva, N. (2019, January 5\u20137). Social Activity Modelling and Multimodal Coaching for Active Aging. Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, Rhodes, Greece.","DOI":"10.1145\/3316782.3322761"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2023, December 01). Technology Development Project on Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence Evolving Together with Humans|NEDO. Available online: https:\/\/www.nedo.go.jp\/english\/activities\/ZZCD_100016.html."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"449","article-title":"Overview of Robotic Devices for Nursing Care Project","volume":"242","author":"Hirukawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Sgorbissa, A., Saffiotti, A., Pecora, F., Papadopoulos, C., Papadopoulos, I., Pandey, A.K., Kanoria, S., Chong, N., Kamide, H., and Lee, J. (2017). CARESSES-Culture-Aware Robots and Environmental Sensor Systems for Elderly Support, European Commission."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roumeliotis, K.I., and Tselikas, N.D. (2023). ChatGPT and Open-AI Models: A Preliminary Review. Future Internet, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15060192"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casaccia, S., Jokinen, K., Naccarelli, R., and Revel, G.M. (2022, January 25\u201327). Well-Being and Comfort of Ageing People Based on Indoor Environmental Conditions: Preliminary Study on Human-Coach Conversation. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Living Environment (MetroLivEn), Cosenza, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MetroLivEnv54405.2022.9826905"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naccarelli, R., Casaccia, S., and Revel, G. (2022). The Problem of Monitoring Activities of Older People in Multi-Resident Scenarios: An Innovative and Non-Invasive Measurement System Based on Wearables and PIR Sensors. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093472"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naccarelli, R., Casaccia, S., Pirozzi, M., and Revel, G.M. (2022). Using a Smart Living Environment Simulation Tool and Machine Learning to Optimize the Home Sensor Network Configuration for Measuring the Activities of Daily Living of Older People. Buildings, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12122213"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"3S4IS404","article-title":"Experiments on the Nao Robot as a Virtual Coach","volume":"JSAI2022","author":"Browne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Conf. Jpn. Soc. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filippini, C., Perpetuini, D., Cardone, D., and Merla, A. (2021). Improving Human\u2013Robot Interaction by Enhancing NAO Robot Awareness of Human Facial Expression. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196438"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-020-00664-7","article-title":"Socially Assistive Robots: The Specific Case of the NAO","volume":"13","author":"Robaczewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.30658\/hmc.2.5","article-title":"Social Robots as the Bride?: Understanding the Construction of Gender in a Japanese Social Robot Product","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. -Mach. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trovato, G., Kishi, T., Kawai, M., Zhong, T., Lin, J.-Y., Gu, Z., Oshiyama, C., and Takanishi, A. (2019, January 8\u201312). The Creation of DarumaTO: A Social Companion Robot for Buddhist\/Shinto Elderlies. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE\/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIM.2019.8868736"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Cavallo, F., Cabibihan, J.-J., Fiorini, L., Sorrentino, A., He, H., Liu, X., Matsumoto, Y., and Ge, S.S. Participatory Design and Early Deployment of DarumaTO-3 Social Robot. Proceedings of the Social Robotics."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"220","article-title":"Composite Emotion Recognition and Feedback of Social Assistive Robot for Elderly People","volume":"Volume 14051","author":"Degen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in HCI"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trovato, G., Lucho, C., Ram\u00f3n, A., Ramirez, R., Rodriguez, L., and Cuellar, F. (2018, January 26\u201330). The Creation of SanTO: A Robot with \u201cDivine\u201d Features. Proceedings of the 2018 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR), Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/URAI.2018.8442207"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trovato, G., Pariasca, F., Ramirez, R., Cerna, J., Reutskiy, V., Rodriguez, L., and Cuellar, F. (2019, January 14\u201318). Communicating with SanTO\u2013the First Catholic Robot. Proceedings of the 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), New Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956250"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Trovato, G., and Weng, Y.-H. (2023). Social Robots in Social Institutions, IOS Press."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41942","DOI":"10.2196\/41942","article-title":"Using Smart Home Technologies to Promote Physical Activity Among the General and Aging Populations: Scoping Review","volume":"25","author":"Oyibo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thunberg, S., Thellman, S., and Ziemke, T. (2017, January 17\u201320). Don\u2019t Judge a Book by Its Cover: A Study of the Social Acceptance of NAO vs. Pepper. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction, Bielefeld, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/3125739.3132583"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"(2023, September 28). Fiware-Iotagent-Json. Available online: https:\/\/fiware-iotagent-json.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2022, December 09). Fiware-Orion. Available online: https:\/\/fiware-orion.readthedocs.io\/en\/master\/."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2023, October 06). MinIO|High Performance, Kubernetes Native Object Storage. Available online: https:\/\/min.io\/."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"(2023, October 06). MongoDB: La Piattaforma Di Dati Applicativi. Available online: https:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/it-it."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Group, P.G.D. (2023, October 06). PostgreSQL. Available online: https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(2023, October 18). What Is a REST API?. Available online: https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/topics\/api\/what-is-a-rest-api."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"(2023, October 18). OpenAPI Specification-Version 2.0|Swagger. Available online: https:\/\/swagger.io\/specification\/v2\/."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Bocklisch, T., Faulker, J., Pawlowski, N., and Nichol, A. (2017). Rasa: Open Source Language Understanding and Dialogue Management. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"(2023, October 12). Conversational AI Platform|Superior Customer Experiences Start Here. Available online: https:\/\/rasa.com\/."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2023, October 12). Introduction|Langchain. Available online: https:\/\/python.langchain.com\/docs\/get_started\/introduction."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2023, October 12). OpenAI Platform. Available online: https:\/\/platform.openai.com."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1109\/TBDATA.2019.2921572","article-title":"Billion-Scale Similarity Search with GPUs","volume":"7","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Big Data"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"(2023, October 16). DeepL Translate: Il miglior Traduttore Al Mondo. Available online: https:\/\/www.deepl.com\/translator."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Aloulou, H., Abdulrazak, B., de Marass\u00e9-Enouf, A., and Mokhtari, M. Empowering Well-Being Through Conversational Coaching for Active and Healthy Ageing. Proceedings of the Participative Urban Health and Healthy Aging in the Age of AI."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McTear, M., Jokinen, K., Alam, M.M., Saleem, Q., Napolitano, G., Szczepaniak, F., Hariz, M., Chollet, G., Lohr, C., and Boudy, J. (2023). Interaction with a Virtual Coach for Active and Healthy Ageing. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052748"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Picard, R.W. (2000). Affective Computing, MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1140.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939208411068","article-title":"An Argument for Basic Emotions","volume":"6","author":"Ekman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Patel, S., and Scherer, K.R. (2013). Nonverbal communication, Handbooks of communication science; De Gruyter Mouton."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(2023, October 18). ReCAPTCHA. Available online: https:\/\/www.google.com\/recaptcha\/about\/."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"(2023, October 18). Open Source and Featured Products by Akveo. Available online: https:\/\/www.akveo.com\/products."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naccarelli, R., Casaccia, S., Homma, K., Bevilacqua, R., and Revel, G.M. (2023, January 29\u201331). E-VITA Use Cases Configurator: A Tool to Identify the Optimal Configuration of the Sensor Network and Coaching Devices to Enable Older People to Age Well at Home. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Living Environment (MetroLivEnv), Milano, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MetroLivEnv56897.2023.10164067"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41035","DOI":"10.2196\/41035","article-title":"Intrinsic Capacity and Active and Healthy Aging Domains Supported by Personalized Digital Coaching: Survey Study Among Geriatricians in Europe and Japan on eHealth Opportunities for Older Adults","volume":"25","author":"Stara","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/2\/638\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:45:52Z","timestamp":1760103952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/2\/638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s24020638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24020638","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]}}}