{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:13:12Z","timestamp":1780567992198,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Within rehabilitation, there is a great need for a simple method to monitor wheelchair use, especially whether it is active or passive. For this purpose, an existing measurement technique was extended with a method for detecting self- or attendant-pushed wheelchair propulsion. The aim of this study was to validate this new detection method by comparison with manual annotation of wheelchair use. Twenty-four amputation and stroke patients completed a semi-structured course of active and passive wheelchair use. Based on a machine learning approach, a method was developed that detected the type of movement. The machine learning method was trained based on the data of a single-wheel sensor as well as a setup using an additional sensor on the frame. The method showed high accuracy (F1 = 0.886, frame and wheel sensor) even if only a single wheel sensor was used (F1 = 0.827). The developed and validated measurement method is ideally suited to easily determine wheelchair use and the corresponding activity level of patients in rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T09:46:39Z","timestamp":1705657599000},"page":"657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Push Forward in Rehabilitation: Validation of a Machine Learning Method for Detection of Wheelchair Propulsion Type"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3630-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rienk","family":"van der Slikke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Nutrition & Sport, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, 2521 EN The Hague, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9857-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arie-Willem","family":"de Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Nutrition & Sport, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, 2521 EN The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleid","family":"de Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovation, Quality and Research, Basalt Revalidatie, 2545 AA The Hague, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Nutrition & Sport, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, 2521 EN The Hague, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Innovation, Quality and Research, Basalt Revalidatie, 2545 AA The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2017.1325486","article-title":"Physical activity: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions","volume":"32","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. 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