{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:53:50Z","timestamp":1781283230082,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2023R97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R97"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/6"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["\u201cNBU-FFR-2024-231-01\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cNBU-FFR-2024-231-01\u201d"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University","award":["PNURSP2023R97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R97"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University","award":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/6"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University","award":["\u201cNBU-FFR-2024-231-01\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cNBU-FFR-2024-231-01\u201d"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Arar, KSA","award":["PNURSP2023R97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R97"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Arar, KSA","award":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/6"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Arar, KSA","award":["\u201cNBU-FFR-2024-231-01\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cNBU-FFR-2024-231-01\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advancements in sensing technology have expanded the capabilities of both wearable devices and smartphones, which are now commonly equipped with inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes. Initially, these sensors were used for device feature advancement, but now, they can be used for a variety of applications. Human activity recognition (HAR) is an interesting research area that can be used for many applications like health monitoring, sports, fitness, medical purposes, etc. In this research, we designed an advanced system that recognizes different human locomotion and localization activities. The data were collected from raw sensors that contain noise. In the first step, we detail our noise removal process, which employs a Chebyshev type 1 filter to clean the raw sensor data, and then the signal is segmented by utilizing Hamming windows. After that, features were extracted for different sensors. To select the best feature for the system, the recursive feature elimination method was used. We then used SMOTE data augmentation techniques to solve the imbalanced nature of the Extrasensory dataset. Finally, the augmented and balanced data were sent to a long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning classifier for classification. The datasets used in this research were Real-World Har, Real-Life Har, and Extrasensory. The presented system achieved 89% for Real-Life Har, 85% for Real-World Har, and 95% for the Extrasensory dataset. The proposed system outperforms the available state-of-the-art methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T04:54:01Z","timestamp":1706072041000},"page":"735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["A Wearable Inertial Sensor Approach for Locomotion and Localization Recognition on Physical Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Danyal","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing ad AI, Air University, E-9, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naif","family":"Al Mudawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information System, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Abdelhaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulwahab","family":"Alazeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information System, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaad","family":"Algarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing ad AI, Air University, E-9, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675950","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2675950","article-title":"Multi-region Nonuniform Brightness Correction Algorithm Based on L-Channel Gamma Transform","volume":"2022","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Secur. 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