{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:28:30Z","timestamp":1769160510662,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Jaume I","award":["UJI-B2022-48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UJI-B2022-48"]}]},{"name":"University Jaume I","award":["PID2020-118021RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-118021RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"MICIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["UJI-B2022-48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UJI-B2022-48"]}]},{"name":"MICIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PID2020-118021RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-118021RB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of the Metaverse is raising important questions in the field of human\u2013machine interaction that must be addressed for a successful implementation of the new paradigm. Therefore, the exploration and integration of both technology and human interaction within this new framework are needed. This paper describes an innovative and technically viable proposal for virtual shopping in the fashion field. Virtual hands directly scanned from the real world have been integrated, after a retopology process, in a virtual environment created for the Metaverse, and have been integrated with digital nails. Human interaction with the Metaverse has been carried out through the acquisition of the real posture of the user\u2019s hands using an infrared-based sensor and mapping it in its virtualized version, achieving natural identification. The technique has been successfully tested in an immersive shopping experience with the Meta Quest 2 headset as a pilot project, where a transactions mechanism based on the blockchain technology (non-fungible tokens, NFTs) has allowed for the development of a feasible solution for massive audiences. The consumers\u2019 reactions were extremely positive, with a total of 250 in-person participants and 120 remote accesses to the Metaverse. Very interesting technical guidelines are raised in this project, the resolution of which may be useful for future implementations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T09:57:42Z","timestamp":1706090262000},"page":"741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Design of Virtual Hands for Natural Interaction in the Metaverse"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Cerd\u00e1-Boluda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Instrumentaci\u00f3n para Imagen Molecular (I3M), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46020 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta C.","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d\u2019Enginyeria Mec\u00e0nica i Construcci\u00f3 (EMC), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castell\u00f3 de la Plana, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Design and Manufacturing, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Scarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sculpture, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8612-6717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Telecommunications and Multimedia Applications, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2815535","article-title":"General cyberspace: Cyberspace and cyber-enabled spaces","volume":"5","author":"Ning","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, F., Ning, H., Zhang, X., Li, R., Tian, Q., Zhang, S., Zheng, Y., Guo, Y., and Daneshmand, M. (2023). A new technology perspective of the Metaverse: Its essence, framework and challenges. Digit. Commun. Netw., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2023.02.017"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Stephenson, N. (1992). Snow Crash, Bantam Books."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaynes, C., Seales, W.B., Calvert, K., Fei, Z., and Griffioen, J. (2003, January 22\u201323). The metaverse: A networked collection of inexpensive, self-configuring, immersive environments. Proceedings of the Workshop on Virtual Environments, Zurich, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1145\/769953.769967"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, H., Li, J., Fan, S., Lin, Z., Wu, X., and Cai, W. (2021, January 20\u201324). Metaverse for social good: A university campus prototype. Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Virtual.","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3479238"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). The Metaverse and How We\u2019ll Build It Together\u2014Connect 2021. Available online: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Uvufun6xer8."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Something about the Six Core Technologies in the Metaverse. Available online: https:\/\/ramaonhealthcare.com\/something-about-the-six-core-technologies-in-the-metaverse\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandstrup, M., Dana, L.P., Ryding, D., Vignali, G., and Carat\u00f9, M. (2023). The Garment Economy. Springer Texts in Business and Economics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-33302-6"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buzys, R., Maskeli\u016bnas, R., Dama\u0161evi\u010dius, R., Sidekerskien\u0117, T., Wo\u017aniak, M., and Wei, W. (2018). Cloudification of Virtual Reality Gliding Simulation Game. Information, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/info9120293"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulauskas, L., Paulauskas, A., Bla\u017eauskas, T., Dama\u0161evi\u010dius, R., and Maskeli\u016bnas, R. (2023). Reconstruction of Industrial and Historical Heritage for Cultural Enrichment Using Virtual and Augmented Reality. Technologies, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies11020036"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ed-Test\u00f3n, A., Mu\u00f1oz, A., Gracia, L., and Solanes, J.E. (2023). Using WebXR Metaverse Platforms to Create Touristic Services and Cultural Promotion. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app13148544"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hurst, W., Spyrou, O., Tekinerdogan, B., and Krampe, C. (2023). Digital Art and the Metaverse: Benefits and Challenges. Future Internet, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15060188"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabriele, S., Manuello Bertetto, A., Marmo, F., and Micheletti, A. (2024). Shell and Spatial Structures, Springer. IWSS 2023: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-44328-2"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdlkarim, D., Di Luca, M., Aves, P., Maaroufi, M., Yeo, S.-H., Miall, R.C., Holland, P., and Galea, J.M. (2023). A methodological framework to assess the accuracy of virtual reality hand-tracking systems: A case study with the Meta Quest 2. Behav. Res.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-02051-8"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200054","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202200054","article-title":"A Pathway into Metaverse: Gesture Recognition Enabled by Wearable Resistive Sensors","volume":"2","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sens. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, W.-S., Cho, S., Jeonghun, K., Kim, Y., Lee, K., Hwang, H.-J., and Paik, N.-J. (2020). Clinical application of virtual reality for upper limb motor rehabilitation in stroke: Review of technologies and clinical evidence. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103369"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der, M., Maycock, J., Ritter, H., and Botsch, M. (June, January 31). Real-time hand tracking using synergistic inverse kinematics. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Hong Kong, China."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voigt-Antons, J.-N., Kojic, T., Ali, D., and M\u00f6ller, S. (2020, January 26\u201328). Influence of Hand Tracking as a Way of Interaction in Virtual Reality on User Experience. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), Athlone, Ireland.","DOI":"10.1109\/QoMEX48832.2020.9123085"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdlkarim, D., Ortenzi, V., Pardi, T., Filipovica, M., Wing, A., Kuchenbecker, K.J., and Di Luca, M. (2021, January 6\u20138). Prendosim: Proxy-hand-based robot grasp generator. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, Paris, France.","DOI":"10.5220\/0010549800600068"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortenzi, V., Filipovica, M., Abdlkarim, D., Pardi, T., Takahashi, C., Wing, A., Di Luca, M., and Kuchenbecker, K.J. (2022, January 7\u201310). Robot, Pass me the tool: Handle visibility facilitates task-oriented handovers. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Sapporo, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889546"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinderknecht, M.D., Kim, Y., Santos-Carreras, L., Bleuler, H., and Gassert, R. (2013, January 14\u201317). Combined tendon vibration and virtual reality for post-stroke hand rehabilitation. Proceedings of the World Haptics Conference (WHC), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/WHC.2013.6548421"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Ana Locking Web Page. Available online: http:\/\/www.analocking.com\/es\/biografia.html."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). La u\u00f1as de Ana Locking se Convierten en una Colecci\u00f3n de NFTs. Available online: https:\/\/valenciaplaza.com\/la-unas-de-ana-locking-se-convierten-en-una-coleccion-de-nfts."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Manomotion (2023, December 11). A Complete Hand Tracking Toolkit for the Metaverse. Available online: https:\/\/www.manomotion.com\/toolkit-metaverse\/."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"UltraLeap (2023, December 11). Sensor System. Available online: https:\/\/www.ultraleap.com\/."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Meta Quest, Augmented Reality System. Available online: https:\/\/www.meta.com\/quest\/."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5594\/j18173","article-title":"Stereoscopy and the Human Visual System","volume":"121","author":"Banks","year":"2012","journal-title":"SMPTE Motion Imaging J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1778351","article-title":"Virtual Reality Sickness: A Review of Causes and Measurements","volume":"36","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interaction."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Anet HandySense\u2014IT3D Group. Available online: https:\/\/it3d.com\/escaneres-3d\/color\/anet-handysense\/."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Blender 4.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.blender.org\/."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Unity. Available online: https:\/\/unity.com\/es."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Meta Spark Studio\u2014Create Immersive AR Experiences. Available online: https:\/\/spark.meta.com\/."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). OpenSea\u2014The greatest market of NFT. Available online: https:\/\/opensea.io\/es."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). MetaMask\u2014The Ultimate Crypto Wallet for Defi, Web3 Apps an NFTs. Available online: https:\/\/metamask.io\/."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). What is Mixed Rality Toolkit 2?. Available online: https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/mixed-reality\/mrtk-unity\/mrtk2\/?view=mrtkunity-2022-05."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Ana Locking, Metric Salad, La Celebraci\u00f3n de lo Diverso a Trav\u00e9s del Gesto. Available online: https:\/\/analocking.metricsalad.com\/metaverso.html."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Ana Locking Defiende la Diversidad con u\u00f1as NFTs. Available online: https:\/\/www.neo2.com\/ana-locking-unas-metaverso\/."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2023, December 11). Ana Locking Saca las u\u00f1as en el Metaverso y las Pone a la Venta Como NFTs. Available online: https:\/\/www.nobbot.com\/metaverso-ana-locking\/."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Arte, NFTs y Metaverso (2023, December 11). \u00bfRevoluci\u00f3n, especulaci\u00f3n o un poco de todo?. Available online: https:\/\/www.elconfidencial.com\/el-grito\/2022-07-14\/metaverso-nft-arte_3458775\/."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/3\/741\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:48:11Z","timestamp":1760104091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/3\/741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s24030741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24030741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]}}}