{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T10:07:20Z","timestamp":1764842840756,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK5126202NK0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK5126202NK0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Postural deformities often manifest themselves in a sagittal imbalance and an asymmetric morphology of the torso. As a novel topographic method, torsobarography assesses the morphology of the back by analysing pressure distribution along the torso in a lying position. At torsobarography\u2019s core is a capacitive pressure sensor array. To evaluate its feasibility as a diagnostic tool, the reproducibility of the system and extracted anatomical associated parameters were evaluated on 40 subjects. Landmarks and reference distances were identified within the pressure images. The examined parameters describe the shape of the spine, various structures of the trunk symmetry, such as the scapulae, and the pelvic posture. The results showed that the localisation of the different structures performs with a good (ICC &gt; 0.75) to excellent (ICC &gt; 0.90) reliability. In particular, parameters for approximating the sagittal spine shape were reliably reproduced (ICC &gt; 0.83). Lower reliability was observed for asymmetry parameters, which can be related to the low variability within the subject group. Nonetheless, the reliability levels of selected parameters are comparable to commercial systems. This study demonstrates the substantial potential of torsobarography at its current stage for reliable posture analysis and may pave the way as an early detection system for postural deformities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T09:57:42Z","timestamp":1706090262000},"page":"768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Torsobarography: Intra-Observer Reliability Study of a Novel Posture Analysis Based on Pressure Distribution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4107-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Stecher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Heinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2564-8607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz \u0141ukasz","family":"\u017burawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian Robert","family":"Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thurid","family":"Jochim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hagen","family":"Malberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaneei, M., Komeili, A., Li, Y., Parent, E.C., and Adeeb, S. (2018). 3D Markerless asymmetry analysis in the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2303-4"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100060117","article-title":"Spinal deformity and back surface asymmetry in idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"6","author":"Stokes","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06083-1","article-title":"Sagittal balance of the spine","volume":"28","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-5-12","article-title":"A review of the trunk surface metrics used as Scoliosis and other deformities evaluation indices","volume":"5","author":"Patias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000229230.68870.97","article-title":"Progression risk of idiopathic juvenile scoliosis during pubertal growth","volume":"31","author":"Charles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"CD010663","article-title":"Surgical versus non-surgical interventions in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"4","author":"Weiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","article-title":"2016 SOSORT guidelines: Orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth","volume":"13","author":"Negrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2017.03.013","article-title":"Posture alignment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Photogrammetry in scoliosis school screening","volume":"40","author":"Penha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-7-9","article-title":"School screening for scoliosis: Can surface topography replace examination with scoliometer?","volume":"7","author":"Chowanska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.492066","article-title":"Clinical methods for quantifying body segment posture: A literature review","volume":"33","author":"Fortin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-9-4","article-title":"SOSORT 2012 consensus paper: Reducing x-ray exposure in pediatric patients with scoliosis","volume":"9","author":"Knott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06115-w","article-title":"Evaluation of a computer-aided method for measuring the Cobb angle on chest X-rays","volume":"28","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imran, A.-A.-Z., Huang, C., Tang, H., Fan, W., Cheung, K., To, M., Qian, Z., and Terzopoulos, D. (2020, January 28\u201330). Fully-automated analysis of scoliosis from spinal X-ray images. Proceedings of the IEEE 33rd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), Rochester, MN, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CBMS49503.2020.00029"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-022-00592-0","article-title":"Computer-aided diagnosis for determining sagittal spinal curvatures using deep learning and radiography","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Digit. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06573-7","article-title":"Cancer and mortality risks of patients with scoliosis from radiation exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Luan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200008150-00009","article-title":"breast cancer mortality after diagnostic radiography: Findings from the U.S. scoliosis cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Doody","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.06.012","article-title":"EOS\u00ae imaging: Concept and current applications in spinal disorders","volume":"11","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5645-6","article-title":"Back surface measurements by rasterstereography for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: From reproducibility to data reduction analyses","volume":"27","author":"Manca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001679","article-title":"Validity and reliability of spine rasterstereography in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"42","author":"Hanquinet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-05875-1","article-title":"Radiation-free measurement tools to evaluate sagittal parameters in AIS patients: A reliability and validity study","volume":"28","author":"Dhouib","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degenhardt, B.F., Starks, Z., and Bhatia, S. (2020). Reliability of the DIERS formetric 4d spine shape parameters in adults without postural deformities. BioMed Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1796247"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molinaro, L., Russo, L., Cubelli, F., Taborri, J., and Rossi, S. (2022, January 22\u201324). Reliability analysis of an innovative technology for the assessment of spinal abnormalities. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), Messina, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA54994.2022.9856462"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-210206","article-title":"Assessment of changes in the sagittal plane of the spine in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using the moire method","volume":"35","author":"Kurzeja","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31491-1","article-title":"Thermography and rasterstereography as a combined infrared method to assess the posture of healthy individuals","volume":"13","author":"Roggio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-022-00505-9","article-title":"Reliability of automated topographic measurements for spine deformity","volume":"10","author":"Groisser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Zeckay, R. (2016). New Approaches to Medical Technology Screening for Postural Weaknesses. [Ph.D. Thesis, Dresden University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"350","article-title":"Long-term effects of asymmetrical posture in boxing assessed by baropodometry","volume":"62","author":"Fullin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trentzsch, K., Schumann, P., \u015aliwi\u0144ski, G., Bartscht, P., Haase, R., Schriefer, D., Zink, A., Heinke, A., Jochim, T., and Malberg, H. (2021). Using machine learning algorithms for identifying gait parameters suitable to evaluate subtle changes in gait in people with multiple sclerosis. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11081049"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J.J., Xu, W., Huang, M.-C., Alshurafa, N., Sarrafzadeh, M., Raut, N., and Yadegar, B. (2013, January 18\u201322). A dense pressure sensitive bedsheet design for unobtrusive sleep posture monitoring. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/PerCom.2013.6526734"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pickenbrock, H., Ludwig, V.U., and Zapf, A. (2017). Support pressure distribution for positioning in neutral versus conventional positioning in the prevention of decubitus ulcers: A pilot study in healthy participants. BMC Nurs., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-017-0253-z"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Arash Salarian (2023, November 07). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). MATLAB Central File Exchange. Available online: https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/22099-intraclass-correlation-coefficient-icc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A Guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chiropr. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, X., Dong, R., Wen, Z., and Liu, Y. (2022). Reliability and validity of scoliosis measurements obtained with surface topography techniques: A systematic review. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236998"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-016-0074-y","article-title":"A reliability and validity study for Scolioscan: A radiation-free scoliosis assessment system using 3D ultrasound imaging","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2018.03.003","article-title":"Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis assessment by radiography and photogrammetry: A review of normative values and reliability","volume":"41","author":"Porto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/3\/768\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:48:46Z","timestamp":1760104126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/3\/768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s24030768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24030768","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]}}}