{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:40:26Z","timestamp":1760143226419,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41704146","MGR202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41704146","MGR202201"]}]},{"name":"Open Funds for Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources, China University of Geosciences","award":["41704146","MGR202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41704146","MGR202201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The two-dimensional (2D) cross-hole seismic computed tomography (CT) imaging acquisition method has the potential to characterize the target zone optimally compared to surface seismic surveys. It has wide applications in oil and gas exploration, engineering geology, etc. Limited to 2D hole velocity profiling, this method cannot acquire three-dimensional (3D) information on lateral geological structures outside the profile. Additionally, the sensor data received by cross-hole seismic exploration constitute responses from geological bodies in 3D space and are potentially affected by objects outside the well profiles, distorting the imaging results and geological interpretation. This paper proposes a 3D cross-hole acoustic wave reverse-time migration imaging method to capture 3D cross-hole geological structures using sensor settings in multi-cross-hole seismic research. Based on the analysis of resulting 3D cross-hole images under varying sensor settings, optimizing the observation system can aid in the cost-efficient obtainment of the 3D underground structure distribution. To verify this method\u2019s effectiveness on 3D cross-hole structure imaging, numerical simulations were conducted on four typical geological models regarding layers, local high-velocity zones, large dip angles, and faults. The results verify the model\u2019s superiority in providing more reliable and accurate 3D geological information for cross-hole seismic exploration, presenting a theoretical basis for processing and interpreting cross-hole data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T12:06:58Z","timestamp":1706616418000},"page":"815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["3D Reverse-Time Migration Imaging for Multiple Cross-Hole Research and Multiple Sensor Settings of Cross-Hole Seismic Exploration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8660-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daicheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resource, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sansheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China State Shipbuilding Corporation 722 Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022GL098734","DOI":"10.1029\/2022GL098734","article-title":"Seismic Time-Lapse Monitoring of Near-Surface Microbubble Water Injection by Full Waveform Inversion","volume":"49","author":"Nakata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geophys. 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