{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T03:51:07Z","timestamp":1779162667154,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Equipment Industry Research Institute of Haian-Taiyuan University of Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51805354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51805354"]}]},{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Equipment Industry Research Institute of Haian-Taiyuan University of Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020M673170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M673170"]}]},{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Equipment Industry Research Institute of Haian-Taiyuan University of Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202203021221087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202203021221087"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51805354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51805354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M673170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M673170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202203021221087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202203021221087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004480","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51805354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51805354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004480","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M673170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M673170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004480","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202203021221087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202203021221087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The carrier eccentricity error and gear compound faults are most likely to occur simultaneously in an actual planetary gear train (PGT). Various faults and errors are coupled with each other to generate a complex dynamic response, which makes the diagnosis of PGT faults difficult in practice. In order to analyze the joint effect of the error and the compound faults in a PGT, a carrier eccentricity error model is proposed and incorporated into the TVMS model by considering the time-varying center distance, line of action (LOA), meshing angle, and contact ratio. Then, the TVMS of the cracked gear is derived based on the potential energy method. On this basis, the dynamic model of a PGT with both the carrier eccentricity error and compound gear cracks as internal excitations are established. Furthermore, the meshing characteristics and dynamic responses of the PGT are simulated to investigate the compound fault features. A series of experiments are conducted to further analyze the influence of the compound fault on the vibration response. The relevant conclusions can provide a reference for the compound fault diagnosis of a PGT in practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T10:44:24Z","timestamp":1706697864000},"page":"927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Compound Fault Characteristic Analysis for Fault Diagnosis of a Planetary Gear Train"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yulin","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advance Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advance Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advance Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advance Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advance Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sifan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advance Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2020.104098","article-title":"Fault mechanism and dynamic modeling of planetary gear with gear wear","volume":"155","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. 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