{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:13:15Z","timestamp":1783653195251,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2023\/01\/26255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/01\/26255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The utilization of robotic systems in upper limb rehabilitation has shown promising results in aiding individuals with motor impairments. This research introduces an innovative approach to enhance the efficiency and adaptability of upper limb exoskeleton robot-assisted rehabilitation through the development of an optimized stimulation control system (OSCS). The proposed OSCS integrates a fuzzy logic-based pain detection approach designed to accurately assess and respond to the patient\u2019s pain threshold during rehabilitation sessions. By employing fuzzy logic algorithms, the system dynamically adjusts the stimulation levels and control parameters of the exoskeleton, ensuring personalized and optimized rehabilitation protocols. This research conducts comprehensive evaluations, including simulation studies and clinical trials, to validate the OSCS\u2019s efficacy in improving rehabilitation outcomes while prioritizing patient comfort and safety. The findings demonstrate the potential of the OSCS to revolutionize upper limb exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation by offering a customizable and adaptive framework tailored to individual patient needs, thereby advancing the field of robotic-assisted rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T03:22:31Z","timestamp":1707189751000},"page":"1047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["An Optimized Stimulation Control System for Upper Limb Exoskeleton Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation Using a Fuzzy Logic-Based Pain Detection Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3836-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail Ben","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Energy Management Laboratory (CEM Lab.), Ecole Nationale d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8785-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassine","family":"Bouteraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00632-2","article-title":"Motion intensity modeling and trajectory control of upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot based on multi-modal information","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complex Intell. 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