{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:43:01Z","timestamp":1774381381675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2-0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the learning of a new sensorimotor task, individuals are usually provided with instructional stimuli and relevant information about the target task. The inclusion of haptic devices in the study of this kind of learning has greatly helped in the understanding of how an individual can improve or acquire new skills. However, the way in which the information and stimuli are delivered has not been extensively explored. We have designed a challenging task with nonintuitive visuomotor perturbation that allows us to apply and compare different motor strategies to study the teaching process and to avoid the interference of previous knowledge present in the na\u00efve subjects. Three subject groups participated in our experiment, where the learning by repetition without assistance, learning by repetition with assistance, and task Segmentation Learning techniques were performed with a haptic robot. Our results show that all the groups were able to successfully complete the task and that the subjects\u2019 performance during training and evaluation was not affected by modifying the teaching strategy. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the presented task design is useful for the study of sensorimotor teaching and that the presented metrics are suitable for exploring the evolution of the accuracy and precision during learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T03:57:29Z","timestamp":1707969449000},"page":"1231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effects of Different Motor Teaching Strategies on Learning a Complex Motor Task"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3403-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tjasa","family":"Kunavar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neromechanics and Biorobotics, Department of Automatics and Biocybernetics, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9471-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Jam\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neromechanics and Biorobotics, Department of Automatics and Biocybernetics, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9251-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin Johnatan","family":"Avila-Mireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neromechanics and Biorobotics, Department of Automatics and Biocybernetics, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1221-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elmar","family":"Rueckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Cyber-Physical-Systems, Montauniversit\u00e4t Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8696-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luka","family":"Peternel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1870-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Babi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neromechanics and Biorobotics, Department of Automatics and Biocybernetics, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"What the student does: Teaching for enhanced learning","volume":"21","author":"Biggs","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. 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