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A method is proposed for methane\u2019s vertical distribution mapping by combining the laser path-integral sensing in non-non-cooperative open paths and the computer-assisted tomography (CAT) techniques. It uses a vertical-plume-mapping optical path configuration and adapts the developed dynamic relaxation and simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (DR-SART) into methane-emission-distribution reconstruction. A self-made miniaturized TDLAS telemetry sensor provides a reliable path to integral concentration information in non-non-cooperative open paths, with Allan variance analysis yielding a 3.59 ppm\u00b7m sensitivity. We employed a six-indexes system for the reconstruction performance analysis of four potential optical path-projection configurations and conducted the corresponding validation experiment. The results have shown that that of multiple fan-beams combined with parallel-beam modes (MFPM) is better than the other optical path-projection configurations, and its reconstruction similarity coefficient (\u03b5) is at least 22.4% higher. For the different methane gas bag-layout schemes, the reconstruction errors of maximum concentration (\u03b3m) are consistently around 0.05, with the positional errors of maximum concentration (\u03b4) falling within the range of 0.01 to 0.025. Moreover, considering the trade-off between scanning duration and reconstruction accuracy, it is recommended to appropriately extend the sensor measurement time on a single optical path to mitigate the impact of mechanical vibrations induced by scanning motion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T03:18:38Z","timestamp":1708312718000},"page":"1307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vertical Distribution Mapping for Methane Fugitive Emissions Using Laser Path-Integral Sensing in Non-Cooperative Open Paths"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5040-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yushuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering, Quanzhou 362008, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Metrological, Verification, and Testing, Harbin 150028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Metrological, Verification, and Testing, Harbin 150028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"},{"name":"Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd., Daqing 163453, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, S., Ma, L., and Li, Z. 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