{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T11:05:09Z","timestamp":1781607909562,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs"},{"name":"National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Research Association"},{"name":"voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eddy current displacement sensors (ECDSs) are widely used for the noncontact position measurement of small displacements (lift-offs). Challenges arise with larger displacements as the sensitivity of the ECDSs decreases. This leads to a more pronounced impact of temperature variations on the inductance and, consequently, an increased position error. Design solutions often rely on multiple coils, suitable coil carrier materials, and compensation measures to address the challenges. This study presents a single-coil ECDS for large displacement ranges in environments with high temperatures and temperature variations. The analysis is based on a sensor model derived from an equivalent circuit model (ECM). We propose design measures for both the sensing coil and the target, focusing on material selection to handle the impact of temperature variations. A key part of improving performance under varying temperatures includes model-based temperature compensation for the inductance of the sensing coil. We introduce a method to calibrate the sensor for large displacements, using a modified coupling coefficient based on field simulation data. Our analysis shows that this single-coil ECDS design maintains a position error of less than 0.2% full-scale for a temperature variation of 100 K for the sensing coil and 110 K for the target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T03:34:04Z","timestamp":1708918444000},"page":"1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Eddy Current Position Measurement in Harsh Environments: A Temperature Compensation and Calibration Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8248-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gruber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Measurement Systems for Harsh Operating Conditions, Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8091-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Schweighofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Measurement Systems for Harsh Operating Conditions, Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH, 8070 Leoben, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Leitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH, 8070 Leoben, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5617-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Kloesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH, 8070 Leoben, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2672-2709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannes","family":"Wegleiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Measurement Systems for Harsh Operating Conditions, Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyce, D.S. 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