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However, fluorescence observation is difficult during treatments that are performed during gastrointestinal endoscopy because of the challenges associated with including the fluorescence filter in the camera part. To address this issue, this study developed a device that integrates a narrow camera and a laser diffuser to enable fluorescence imaging through a forceps port. This device was employed to demonstrate that a laser diffuser with an NIR fluorescence imaging sensor could be delivered through a 3.2 mm diameter port. In addition, fluorescence images of Cetuximab-IR700 were successfully observed in two mice, and the fluorescence intensity confirmed that the fluorescence decayed within 330 s. This device is expected to have practical application as a tool to identify the optimal irradiation dose for tumor-selective photosensitive substances under endoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T03:34:04Z","timestamp":1708918444000},"page":"1487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Sensor with Laser Diffuser for Visualizing Photoimmunotherapy Effects under Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7520-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-0022, Chiba, Japan"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1071","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for cancer","volume":"3","author":"Dolmans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. 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