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Province","award":["RCBS20221008093310024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCBS20221008093310024"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province","award":["JCYJ20190807160401657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190807160401657"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province","award":["JCYJ201908073000608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ201908073000608"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province","award":["BR2023KF02010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR2023KF02010"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province","award":["2020B1212060077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212060077"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the number of patients afflicted with laryngeal diseases, including cancer, trauma, and other ailments leading to voice loss. Currently, the market is witnessing a pressing demand for medical and healthcare products designed to assist individuals with voice defects, prompting the invention of the artificial throat (AT). This user-friendly device eliminates the need for complex procedures like phonation reconstruction surgery. Therefore, in this review, we will initially give a careful introduction to the intelligent AT, which can act not only as a sound sensor but also as a thin-film sound emitter. Then, the sensing principle to detect sound will be discussed carefully, including capacitive, piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and piezoresistive components employed in the realm of sound sensing. Following this, the development of thermoacoustic theory and different materials made of sound emitters will also be analyzed. After that, various algorithms utilized by the intelligent AT for speech pattern recognition will be reviewed, including some classical algorithms and neural network algorithms. Finally, the outlook, challenge, and conclusion of the intelligent AT will be stated. The intelligent AT presents clear advantages for patients with voice impairments, demonstrating significant social values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T03:34:04Z","timestamp":1708918444000},"page":"1493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intelligent, Flexible Artificial Throats with Sound Emitting, Detecting, and Recognizing Abilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Junxin","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, 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