{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:57:16Z","timestamp":1782377836941,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondation Paralysie C\u00e9r\u00e9brale (France)"},{"name":"Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM, France)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical effects of a serious game with electromyography feedback (EMGs_SG) and physical therapy (PT) was investigated prospectively in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP). An additional aim was to better understand the influence of muscle shortening on function. Thirty children with USCP (age 7.6 \u00b1 2.1 years) received four weeks of EMGs_SG sessions 2\u00d7\/week including repetitive, active alternating training of dorsi- and plantar flexors in a seated position. In addition, each child received usual PT treatment \u2264 2\u00d7\/week, involving plantar flexor stretching and command strengthening on dorsi- and plantar flexors. Five-Step Assessment parameters, including preferred gait velocity (normalized by height); plantar flexor extensibility (XV1); angle of catch (XV3); maximal active ankle dorsiflexion (XA); and derived coefficients of shortening, spasticity, and weakness for both soleus and gastrosoleus complex (GSC) were compared pre and post treatment (t-tests). Correlations were explored between the various coefficients and gait velocities at baseline. After four weeks of EMGs_SG + PT, there was an increase in normalized gait velocity from 0.72 \u00b1 0.13 to 0.77 \u00b1 0.13 m\/s (p = 0.025, d = 0.43), a decrease in coefficients of shortening (soleus, 0.10 \u00b1 0.07 pre vs. 0.07 \u00b1 0.08 post, p = 0.004, d = 0.57; GSC 0.16 \u00b1 0.08 vs. 0.13 \u00b1 0.08, p = 0.003, d = 0.58), spasticity (soleus 0.14 \u00b1 0.06 vs. 0.12 \u00b1 0.07, p = 0.02, d = 0.46), and weakness (soleus 0.14 \u00b1 0.07 vs. 0.11 \u00b1 0.07, p = 0.005, d = 0.55). At baseline, normalized gait velocity correlated with the coefficient of GSC shortening (R = \u22120.43, p = 0.02). Four weeks of EMGs_SG and PT were associated with improved gait velocity and decreased plantar flexor shortening. A randomized controlled trial comparing EMGs_SG and conventional PT is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T08:59:01Z","timestamp":1708937941000},"page":"1513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Serious Game with Electromyography Feedback and Physical Therapy in Young Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Equinus Gait: A Prospective Open-Label Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-6341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Boulay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gait Laboratory, Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Timone Children Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13284 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Gracies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, Service de R\u00e9\u00e9ducation Neurolocomotrice, Unit\u00e9 de Neuror\u00e9\u00e9ducation, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, F-94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"UR 7377 BIOTN, Laboratoire Analyse et Restauration du Mouvement, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC), F-94000 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gait Laboratory, Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Timone Children Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13284 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Authier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gait Laboratory, Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery 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France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taian Martins","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Engineering of the Neuromuscular System (LISiN), Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"PoliToBIOMed Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talita","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR 7377 BIOTN, Laboratoire Analyse et Restauration du Mouvement, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC), F-94000 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Instituto D\u2019Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, 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