{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T16:16:06Z","timestamp":1769357766589,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Ministry of Education Program","award":["23YJC890056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJC890056"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Ministry of Education Program","award":["2-9-2022-047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-9-2022-047"]}]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Program Project","award":["23YJC890056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJC890056"]}]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Program Project","award":["2-9-2022-047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-9-2022-047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Children aged 3\u20138 are in a critical period for motor development and postural control. Running is a basic motor skill that children need to master in early childhood. While running, children are prone to dangerous events such as falls. This study investigates the kinematic characteristics of running by children associated with different interference tasks, i.e., normalized running, cognitive dual-tasks, and obstacle crossing tasks, and provides a theoretical foundation for the interference mechanism of children\u2019s dynamic postural control and for screening of motor disorders. Two hundred children aged 3\u20138 were recruited. The BTS Bioengineering infrared motion capture system was used to collect spatiotemporal and kinematic running data under three tasks. Repeated measures of variance analysis were used to compare the effects of different interference tasks and ages on children\u2019s running signs. The main and interaction effect tests were compared by the Bonferroni method.\u00a0The results and conclusions are as follows: (1) Running characteristics of early childhood are influenced by interference tasks and age. With interference tasks, the overall characteristics of running by children aged 3\u20138 showed an increasing trend in running cycle time and a decreasing trend in stride length, step length, cadence, and speed. (2) Both cognitive and obstacle crossing tasks had costs, and cognitive task costs were greater than obstacle crossing costs. Children adopted a \u201ctask first\u201d running strategy with different interference tasks. When facing cognitive tasks, their overall joint motion decreased, and they reduced joint motions to promote task completion. When facing obstacle crossing tasks, because of the characteristics of the task itself, children increased joint motions to cope with interference. (3) In terms of age, the running characteristics showed a nonlinear development trend in various indicators, with a degree of recurrence and high variability in adjacent age groups. (4) The dual-task interference paradigm of \u201cpostural-cognition\u201d can be used as a motor intervention tool to promote the development of basic motor skills in early childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T11:52:55Z","timestamp":1709034775000},"page":"1534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Task Interference on Kinematics and Dual-Task Cost of Running in Early Childhood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8337-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panchao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongqiu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Payne, G., Pen, X.G., and Guo, L.L. 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