{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:12:45Z","timestamp":1785420765708,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Astronomical Joint Fund","award":["U2031126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2031126"]}]},{"name":"Astronomical Joint Fund","award":["20230203113SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230203113SF"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan","award":["U2031126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2031126"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan","award":["20230203113SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230203113SF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focuses on the speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for electric drives with model uncertainties and external disturbances. Conventional sliding mode control (CSMC) can only converge asymptotically in the infinite domain and will cause unacceptable sliding mode chattering. To improve the performance of the PMSM speed loop in terms of response speed, tracking accuracy, and robustness, a hybrid control strategy for a fixed-time-convergent sliding mode controller (FSMC) with a fixed-time-convergent sliding mode observer (FSMO) is proposed for PMSM speed regulation using the fixed-time control theory. Firstly, the FSMC is proposed to improve the convergence speed and robustness of the speed loop, which can converge to the origin within a fixed time independent of the initial conditions. Then, the FSMO is used as a compensator to further enhance the robustness of the speed loop and attenuate sliding mode chattering. Finally, simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the dynamic performance and robustness of the PMSM speed control system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1709116656000},"page":"1561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Fixed-Time-Convergent Sliding Mode Control with Sliding Mode Observer for PMSM Speed Regulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2017.2711098","article-title":"Torque Ripple Minimization of PMSM Based on Robust ILC Via Adaptive Sliding Mode Control","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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