{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:50:12Z","timestamp":1776725412823,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JJKH20200167KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20200167KJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["62271176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271176"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["JJKH20200167KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20200167KJ"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In areas where livestock are bred, there is a demand for accurate, real-time, and stable monitoring of ammonia concentration in the breeding environment. However, existing electronic nose systems have slow response times and limited detection accuracy. In this study, we introduce a novel solution: the bionic chamber construction of the electronic nose is optimized, and the sensor response data in the chamber are analyzed using an intelligent algorithm. We analyze the structure of the biomimetic chamber and the surface airflow of the sensor array to determine the sensing units of the system. The system employs an electronic nose to detect ammonia and ethanol gases in a circulating airflow within a closed box. The captured signals are processed, followed by the application of classification and regression models for data prediction. Our results suggest that the system, leveraging the biomimetic chamber, offers rapid gas detection response times. A high classification prediction accuracy, with a determination coefficient R2 value of 0.99 for single-output regression and over 0.98 for multi-output regression predictions, is achieved by incorporating a backpropagation (BP) neural network algorithm. These outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the electronic nose, based on an optimized bionic chamber combined with a BP neural network algorithm, in accurately detecting ammonia emitted during livestock excreta fermentation, satisfying the ammonia detection requirements of breeding farms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T11:19:24Z","timestamp":1709291964000},"page":"1628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Structure Optimization and Data Processing Method of Electronic Nose Bionic Chamber for Detecting Ammonia Emissions from Livestock Excrement Fermentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yeping","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring & Control Technology and Instrumentation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"},{"name":"Electronics and Communication Engineering School, Jilin Technology College of Electronic Information, Jilin 132021, China"}]},{"given":"Yunbo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring & Control Technology and Instrumentation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"},{"name":"National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Measurement and Control Technology and Instrumentation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"given":"Haodong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring & Control Technology and Instrumentation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"},{"name":"National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Measurement and Control Technology and Instrumentation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"given":"Jinzhou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring & Control Technology and Instrumentation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"},{"name":"National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Measurement and Control Technology and Instrumentation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7879-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengjiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Communication Engineering School, Jilin Technology College of Electronic Information, Jilin 132021, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107617","article-title":"Emergency planning and the acute toxic potency of inhaled ammonia","volume":"107","author":"Michaels","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. 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