{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:54:30Z","timestamp":1760144070967,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"statutory activity of the Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an innovative approach to the integration of thermoelectric microgenerators (\u03bcTEGs) based on thick-film thermopiles of planar constantan\u2013silver (CuNi-Ag) and calcium cobaltite oxide\u2013silver (Ca3Co4O9-Ag) thick-film thermopiles with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The goal was to consider using the TEG for an active or semi-passive RFID tag. The proposed implementation would allow the communication distance to be increased or even operated without changing batteries. This article discusses the principles of planar thermoelectric microgenerators (\u03bcTEGs), focusing on their ability to convert the temperature difference into electrical energy. The concept of integration with active or semi-passive tags is presented, as well as the results of energy efficiency tests, considering various environmental conditions. On the basis of the measurements, the parameters of thermopiles consisting of more thermocouples were simulated to provide the required voltage and power for cooperation with RFID tags. The conclusions of the research indicate promising prospects for the integration of planar thermoelectric microgenerators with RFID technology, opening the way to more sustainable and efficient monitoring and identification systems. Our work provides the theoretical basis and practical experimental data for the further development and implementation of this innovative technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T04:36:21Z","timestamp":1709526981000},"page":"1646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Planar Thermoelectric Microgenerators in Application to Power RFID Tags"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0008-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Dziedzic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1533-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Gierczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7330-3094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slavko","family":"Bernik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Brguljan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstra\u00dfe 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3115-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"K\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstra\u00dfe 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zulkepli, N., Yunas, J., Mohamed, M.A., and Hamzah, A.A. 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