{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:36:23Z","timestamp":1787009783355,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ostgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["SJCX23_2145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX23_2145"]}]},{"name":"ostgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["52305060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305060"]}]},{"name":"ostgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["52205372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52205372"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SJCX23_2145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX23_2145"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52305060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305060"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52205372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52205372"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Casting defects in turbine blades can significantly reduce an aero-engine\u2019s service life and cause secondary damage to the blades when exposed to harsh environments. Therefore, casting defect detection plays a crucial role in enhancing aircraft performance. Existing defect detection methods face challenges in effectively detecting multi-scale defects and handling imbalanced datasets, leading to unsatisfactory defect detection results. In this work, a novel blade defect detection method is proposed. This method is based on a detection transformer with a multi-scale fusion attention mechanism, considering comprehensive features. Firstly, a novel joint data augmentation (JDA) method is constructed to alleviate the imbalanced dataset issue by effectively increasing the number of sample data. Then, an attention-based channel-adaptive weighting (ACAW) feature enhancement module is established to fully apply complementary information among different feature channels, and further refine feature representations. Consequently, a multi-scale feature fusion (MFF) module is proposed to integrate high-dimensional semantic information and low-level representation features, enhancing multi-scale defect detection precision. Moreover, R-Focal loss is developed in an MFF attention-based DEtection TRansformer (DETR) to further solve the issue of imbalanced datasets and accelerate model convergence using the random hyper-parameters search strategy. An aero-engine turbine blade defect X-ray (ATBDX) image dataset is applied to validate the proposed method. The comparative results demonstrate that this proposed method can effectively integrate multi-scale image features and enhance multi-scale defect detection precision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1709539427000},"page":"1663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Detection Transformer with Multi-Scale Fusion Attention Mechanism for Aero-Engine Turbine Blade Cast Defect Detection Considering Comprehensive Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Han-Bing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-Jun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2514\/1.562","article-title":"Progress in aeroengine technology (1939\u20132003)","volume":"41","author":"Ballal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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