{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T11:18:46Z","timestamp":1768735126648,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A5A7000765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A5A7000765"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we explore how the strategic positioning of conductive yarns influences the performance of plated knit strain sensors fabricated using commercial knitting machines with both conductive and non-conductive yarns. Our study reveals that sensors with conductive yarns located at the rear, referred to as \u2018purl plated sensors\u2019, exhibit superior performance in comparison to those with conductive yarns at the front, or \u2018knit plated sensors\u2019. Specifically, purl plated sensors demonstrate a higher sensitivity, evidenced by a gauge factor ranging from 3 to 18, and a minimized strain delay, indicated by a 1% strain in their electromechanical response. To elucidate the mechanisms behind these observations, we developed an equivalent circuit model. This model examines the role of contact resistance within varying yarn configurations on the sensors\u2019 sensitivity, highlighting the critical influence of contact resistance in conductive yarns subjected to wale-wise stretching on sensor responsiveness. Furthermore, our findings illustrate that the purl plated sensors benefit from the vertical movement of non-conductive yarns, which promotes enhanced contact between adjacent conductive yarns, thereby improving both the stability and sensitivity of the sensors. The practicality of these sensors is confirmed through bending cycle tests with an in situ monitoring system, showcasing the purl plated sensors\u2019 exceptional reproducibility, with a standard deviation of 0.015 across 1000 cycles, and their superior sensitivity, making them ideal for wearable devices designed for real-time joint movement monitoring. This research highlights the critical importance of conductive yarn placement in sensor efficacy, providing valuable guidance for crafting advanced textile-based strain sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T04:03:50Z","timestamp":1709697830000},"page":"1690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessing the Role of Yarn Placement in Plated Knit Strain Sensors: A Detailed Study of Their Electromechanical Properties and Applicability in Bending Cycle Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Youn-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Design and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juwon","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University, Siheung-si 15073, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Kyung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Design and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4489-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Ji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Design and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Taejae University, Seoul 03151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1518-7037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeong-Sik","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hyon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fashion Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunseung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5720-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Seok","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9663-5152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Son","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byoung-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University, Siheung-si 15073, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2188-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaegab","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-0428-6","article-title":"Sign-to-speech translation using machine-learning-assisted stretchable sensor arrays","volume":"3","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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