{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T05:10:14Z","timestamp":1780117814393,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation Project of Key Laboratory of Defense Science and Technology","award":["614220220200301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["614220220200301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To solve the problems of high computational cost and the long time required by the simulation and calculation of aeroengines\u2019 exhaust systems, a method of predicting the characteristics of infrared radiation based on the hybrid kernel extreme learning machine (HKELM) optimized by the improved dung beetle optimizer (IDBO) was proposed. Firstly, the Levy flight strategy and variable spiral strategy were introduced to improve the optimization performance of the dung beetle optimizer (DBO) algorithm. Secondly, the superiority of IDBO algorithm was verified by using 23 benchmark functions. In addition, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to evaluate the experimental results, which proved the superiority of the IDBO algorithm over other current prominent metaheuristic algorithms. Finally, the hyperparameters of HKELM were optimized by the IDBO algorithm, and the IDBO-HKELM model was applied to the prediction of characteristics of infrared radiation of a typical axisymmetric nozzle. The results showed that the RMSE and MAE of the IDBO-HKELM model were 20.64 and 8.83, respectively, which verified the high accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method for predictions of aeroengines\u2019 infrared radiation characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1709801977000},"page":"1734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Predictions of Aeroengines\u2019 Infrared Radiation Characteristics Based on HKELM Optimized by the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Instrument & Meter Engineering Technology Research Center, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Stealth Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for National Defense Science and Technology on Plasma Dynamics, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhuo","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for National Defense Science and Technology on Plasma Dynamics, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Instrument & Meter Engineering Technology Research Center, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Instrument & Meter Engineering Technology Research Center, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis and discussion on stealth technology of aeroengine","volume":"28","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aeronaut. 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