{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:53:04Z","timestamp":1760143984895,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Perugia Fondi di ricerca di Ateneo\u2014edizioni 2021 e 2022\u2014","award":["J53D23002110006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J53D23002110006"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research (MUR) under the Project of Relevant Interest\u2014PRIN2022\u2014\u201cHybrid Transient\u2013Machine Learning Approach for Anomaly Detection and Classification in Water Transmission Mains (TANDEM)\u201d","award":["J53D23002110006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J53D23002110006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of fast transients for fault detection in long transmission networks makes the generation of controlled transients crucial. In order to maximise the information that can be extracted from the measured pressure time history (pressure signal), the transients must meet certain requirements. In particular, the manoeuvre that generates the transient must be fast and repeatable, and must produce a pressure wave that is as sharp as possible, without spurious pressure oscillations. This implies the use of small-diameter valves and often pneumatically operated automatic valves. In the present work, experimental transient tests are carried out at the Water Engineering Laboratory (WEL) of the University of Perugia using a butterfly valve and a ball pneumatic-driven valve to generate pressure waves in a pressurised copper pipe. A camera is used to monitor the valve displacement, while the pressure is measured by a pressure transducer close to the downstream end of the pipe where the pneumatic valve is installed. The experimental data are analysed to characterise the valve performance and to compare the two geometries in terms of valve closing dynamics, the sharpness of the generated pressure wave and the stability of the pressure time history. The present work demonstrates how the proposed approach can be very effective in easily characterising the transient dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T12:14:40Z","timestamp":1710245680000},"page":"1825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Performance Assessment of Pneumatic-Driven Automatic Valves to Improve Pipeline Fault Detection Procedure by Fast Transient Tests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4748-8256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Castellani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, The University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5308-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Capponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7106-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Brunone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Vedovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, The University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7843-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Meniconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-682X(99)00013-4","article-title":"Acoustical characteristics of leak signals in plastic water distribution pipes","volume":"58","author":"Hunaidi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. 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