{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:53:12Z","timestamp":1760143992461,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62371163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371163"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Micro-Doppler time\u2013frequency analysis has been regarded as an important parameter extraction method for conical micro-motion objects. However, the micro-Doppler effect caused by micro-motion can modulate the frequency of lidar echo, leading to coupling between structure and micro-motion parameters. Therefore, it is difficult to extract parameters for micro-motion cones. We propose a new method for parameter extraction by combining the range profile of a micro-motion cone and the micro-Doppler time\u2013frequency spectrum. This method can effectively decouple and accurately extract the structure and the micro-motion parameters of cones. Compared with traditional time\u2013frequency analysis methods, the accuracy of parameter extraction is higher, and the information is richer. Firstly, the range profile of the micro-motion cone was obtained by using an FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) lidar based on simulation. Secondly, quantitative analysis was conducted on the edge features of the range profile and the micro-Doppler time\u2013frequency spectrum. Finally, the parameters of the micro-motion cone were extracted based on the proposed decoupling parameter extraction method. The results show that our method can effectively extract the cone height, the base radius, the precession angle, the spin frequency, and the gravity center height within the range of a lidar LOS (line of sight) angle from 20\u00b0 to 65\u00b0. The average absolute percentage error can reach below 10%. The method proposed in this paper not only enriches the detection information regarding micro-motion cones, but also improves the accuracy of parameter extraction and establishes a foundation for classification and recognition. It provides a new technical approach for laser micro-Doppler detection in accurate recognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T03:46:31Z","timestamp":1710301591000},"page":"1832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Decoupling and Parameter Extraction Methods for Conical Micro-Motion Object Based on FMCW Lidar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5900-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute, Beijing 100854, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00951-0","article-title":"Shipborne Oceanic High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar for Accurate Estimation of Seawater Depth-Resolved Optical Properties","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Light Sci. 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