{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1770710566587,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Repeated single-point measurements of thoracic bioimpedance at a single (low) frequency are strongly related to fluid changes during hemodialysis. Extension to semi-continuous measurements may provide longitudinal details in the time pattern of the bioimpedance signal, and multi-frequency measurements may add in-depth information on the distribution between intra- and extracellular fluid. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of semi-continuous multi-frequency thoracic bioimpedance measurements by a wearable device in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, thoracic bioimpedance was recorded semi-continuously (i.e., every ten minutes) at nine frequencies (8\u2013160 kHz) in 68 patients during two consecutive hemodialysis sessions, complemented by a single-point measurement at home in-between both sessions. On average, the resistance signals increased during both hemodialysis sessions and decreased during the interdialytic interval. The increase during dialysis was larger at 8 kHz (\u2206 32.6 \u2126 during session 1 and \u2206 10 \u2126 during session 2), compared to 160 kHz (\u2206 29.5 \u2126 during session 1 and \u2206 5.1 \u2126 during session 2). Whereas the resistance at 8 kHz showed a linear time pattern, the evolution of the resistance at 160 kHz was significantly different (p &lt; 0.0001). Measuring bioimpedance semi-continuously and with a multi-frequency current is a major step forward in the understanding of fluid dynamics in hemodialysis patients. This study paves the road towards remote fluid monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T09:32:30Z","timestamp":1710495150000},"page":"1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Feasibility of Semi-Continuous and Multi-Frequency Thoracic Bioimpedance Measurements by a Wearable Device during Fluid Changes in Hemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7217-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie K.","family":"Schoutteten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Limburg Clinical Research Center\/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg Genk, Synaps Park 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Health Research, imec the Netherlands\/Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Lindeboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research, imec the Netherlands\/Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7681-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"De Canni\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Limburg Clinical Research Center\/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg Genk, Synaps Park 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zo\u00eb","family":"Pieters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6978-3002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Bruckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Astrid D. H.","family":"Brys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"van der Heijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research, imec the Netherlands\/Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"De Moor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Limburg Clinical Research Center\/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Stadsomvaart 1, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Synaps Park 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Van Hoof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imec Belgium, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Willemijn","family":"Groenendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research, imec the Netherlands\/Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jeroen P.","family":"Kooman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Pieter M.","family":"Vandervoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Limburg Clinical Research Center\/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg Genk, Synaps Park 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Health Research, imec the Netherlands\/Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Synaps Park 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.06.004","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis\u2014Part I: Review of principles and methods","volume":"23","author":"Kyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. 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