{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:30:30Z","timestamp":1782837030127,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["DUT22YG209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT22YG209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assessing bladder function is pivotal in urological health, with bladder volume a critical indicator. Traditional devices, hindered by high costs and cumbersome sizes, are being increasingly supplemented by portable alternatives; however, these alternatives often fall short in measurement accuracy. Addressing this gap, this study introduces a novel A-mode ultrasound-based bladder volume estimation algorithm optimized for portable devices, combining efficient, precise volume estimation with enhanced usability. Through the innovative application of a wavelet energy ratio adaptive denoising method, the algorithm significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio, preserving critical signal details amidst device and environmental noise. Ultrasonic echoes were employed to acquire positional information on the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder at several points, with an ellipsoid fitted to these points using the least squares method for bladder volume estimation. Ultimately, a simulation experiment was conducted on an underwater porcine bladder. The experimental results indicate that the bladder volume estimation error of the algorithm is approximately 8.3%. This study offers a viable solution to enhance the accuracy and usability of portable devices for urological health monitoring, demonstrating significant potential for clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T10:44:33Z","timestamp":1710931473000},"page":"1984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A-Mode Ultrasound Bladder Volume Estimation Algorithm Based on Wavelet Energy Ratio Adaptive Denoising"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rencheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qipeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peihao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09993.x","article-title":"Worldwide Prevalence Estimates of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Overactive Bladder, Urinary Incontinence and Bladder Outlet Obstruction","volume":"108","author":"Irwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1979.53","article-title":"Fatal Intra-Peritoneal Bladder Rupture Due to Blocked Catheter in a Paraplegic","volume":"17","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, H., Yang, S., Liu, C., Yan, Y., Li, L., Ma, F., Wang, X., Pu, F., Li, D., and Fan, Y. 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